Abrasions, Burns, Foreign Bodies, Increased Intraocular Pressure

Question 1

disruption of upper epithelial layer of the cornea (possible causes include contact lenses, makeup brushes etc)

symptoms - photophobia, foreign body sensation, pain and tearing, fluorescein demonstrates the abrasion as a staining defect

tx - topical NSAIDs, systemic analgesia, topical abx

Answer 1

corneal abrasion

Question 2

serious infxn involving underlying stromal layers of the cornea (may progress from bacterial invasion of corneal abrasion)

symptoms - blurry vision/photophobia, eyelid swelling and erythema, purulent dc, round white spots on the cornea that may be seen w/ naked eye

tx - topical abx, DO NOT APPLY EYE PATCH (increases risk of pseudomonas), ophthalmology consult

Answer 2

corneal ulceration

Question 3

elevation in ocular pressure, d/t increase in aqueous humor w/in eye

s/s (subjective) - abrupt onset deep unilateral eye pain or h/a (often associated w/ performing activities in poor lighting), oculovagal reflex (nausea, bradycardia, hypotension), visual changes ( blurry vision, decreased peripheral vision, halo around lights)
s/s (objective) - fixed, slightly dilated pupil, elevated IOP (above 20)

tx - decrease aqueous humor production (topical beta blockers (timolol, diamox), reducing vitreous volume (IV mannitol) , increase aqueous outflow (miotic eye drops (pilocarpine (Isopto carpine))

Answer 3

glaucoma