Abrahamic Religions + Medieval Period - CH4

Question 1

Monotheism

Answer 1

believing in 1 god

Question 2

Jesus of Nazareth

Answer 2

*Christos was named Christ after he died.
*Baptism: a new beginning
*Death: new faith

Question 3

Chi-Ro

Answer 3

Question 4

Edict of Milan

Answer 4

313 AD all religions are legal

Question 5

Edict of Thessalonica

Answer 5

380AD - Christianity is only legal

Question 6

Council of Nicaea

Answer 6

Question 7

Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus

Answer 7

Depicts 10 stories of bible

Question 8

Emperor Justinian and his Courtiers

Answer 8

Question 9

Empress Theodora and Retinue

Answer 9

Question 10

Hagia Sophia, Constantinople

Answer 10

Central plan (consists of dome)

Question 11

Muhammad

Answer 11

He was born in Mecca and how he became Muslim was that an Islam belief says that an angel appeared to him and told him to spread the word of god. Him and his followers go on many journeys to spread the news and Muhammad becomes a prophet. His messages went into the Qu’ran.

Question 12

Qur’an

Answer 12

Holy book of Muslims. God’s revealed word. Came about in late Antiquity. Basis of Classical Arabic. Supreme authority in Islam. Fundamental and paramount source of the creed, rituals, ethics, and laws of Islamic religion. Spread the Arabic language. Followers wrote down verses, 29 scribes.

Question 13

Dome of the Rock

Answer 13

It is an Islamic shrine located on the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem

Question 14

St. Augustine

Answer 14

Augustine of Hippo, Neoplatoism: brought new ideas to calthoic faith, “The good” (god) greek ideals imposed to. Originalism. City of God: Alaric invaded city of Rome but Christians didn’t lose anything because they live for city of god not Rome. rationality is a disease.

Question 15

Monasticism

Answer 15

St. Benedict: monks (prayed to god/studied bible) valued life- Chasity, poverty (didn’t save money), obedience. Centers of learning: guardians of knowledge, monks could read.

Question 16

Feudalism

Answer 16

a social system that existed in Europe during the Middle Ages in which people worked and fought for nobles who gave them protection and the use of land in return.

Question 17

Charlemagne

Answer 17

Carl Digrosa- Carl the Great. Leader of the Franks. Goes to pope & asks to be crowned as emperor & he says yes so he can be protected. Converts everyone to Christianity, spread it to the North. C realized writing is necessary for order (Latin) so Rome was strong.

Question 18

Bayeux Tapestry

Answer 18

1066 battle of hasting, Long linen cloth 231 ft, Influenced by Trajan’s column, Didactic art, Christianity changed art to this style

Question 19

Song of Roland

Answer 19

Oral literature, oldest work of epic poetry (performed w music/sung). Old French. Battle of roncevaux. The great knight roland is doing battle w morris (muslim) Roland was put in charge & charlamange left to settle a religion problem & Ganelon was mad because he belives hes more experienced than Roland. Ganelon betrays Roland and tells their position to the opponenet, they next day Roland wakes up surrounded and the entire army is dead. Feudal and Christian values = Roland didn’t surrender because he was a loyal solider

Question 20

Great Mosque of Cordoba

Answer 20

Question 21

Court of the Lions, Alhambra

Answer 21

“Arabesque”

Question 22

Romanesque vs. Gothic Architecture

Answer 22

Romanesque: Rounded Arches, Vaulted Ceiling, Thick Walls buttresses, High Windows.

Gothic : Pointed Arches, Ribbed Vaults, Flying Buttresses, Stained Glass

Question 23

St. Thomas Aquinas

Answer 23

Synthesis ideas of Christianity and Greek philosophy. 2 types of revelation: Faith & Reason. (rationality- logos- order) = god (reason will get you closer to god). Opposite of St. Augustine (he said rationality is a disease). Wrote summa theological: “reason doesn’t destroy faith but perfects it” (uses Greek artisan philosophy to PROVE/support existence of god. God revels himself- nature leads to god, “reason is the voice of god”

Question 24

Guido d’Arezzo

Answer 24

Vatican (seat of the pope, center piece of catholic church), Solmization: ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la. Medieval music. Guidonia hand (gave pitches names). Staff: standardized the lines on a music, celf set the tone F or C. Religious music was passed down.

Question 25

Gregorian Chant/Plainchant

Answer 25

(midieval) “plain chant”, Pope Gregory, Allelunia Uidimus Stellam. 3,000 melodies. “Cantus” slow melody. Gregory was portrayed as writing music w/ a dove in her each which represented god

Question 26

A cappella

Answer 26

Acapella = as in curch, no instruments, only vocal (in latin). Ambigious Rhythm (cant dance to it, not clearly defined. Monophony (texture) (1 melody @ a time)

Question 27

Monophony vs. Polyphony

Answer 27

1 melody / more than 1 melody

Question 28

Alleluia: Vidimus Stellam

Answer 28

Monophony
Melisma, melismatic melody (1 symbol is stretched into different notes “nooooooootes”, Gregorian chant

Question 29

Alleluia: Pasca Nostrum

Answer 29

Polyphony
from Notre Dame Mass, 4 melodies @ a time. Composer: Guillaume de Machaut. Ars nova- “New art style of music”

Question 30

Dante’s Divine Comedy

Answer 30

3 part epic. 100 cantos, 14000 lines. Written in Vernacular language (native tongue- Italian). Metaphorical vision of afterlife Levels: 1. Inferno (hell) 2. Purgatorio (purgatory) ½ way of afterlife 3. Paradiso (Paradise). Vrigil (poet from Rome, wrote Aneid) takes Dante on a journey. Dante isn’t dead but his spirit is lost & virgil takes him to hell first and he asks people how they got there. 9 sections (levels) of hell and the last middle section is freezing because it’s the opposite of life. Purgatory has a way to get to heaven. A mountain with 7 terraces to represent the 7 deadly sins. A story that celebrates life