ABPSYCH TERMS Flashcards
Patients of parkinson have loss of nerve cells in a particular and small part of the brain which is called ________.
Substancia Nigra
Rico sought to help of a psychologist for he has been experiencing unusual symptoms which include auditory hallucinations and delusion of persecution. Symptom already lasted for more than 6 month. The psychologist has also identified depressive symptoms that are at times present during some psychotic episodes which includes low self esteem, hopelessness and sadness. What is the diagnosis?
Schizophrenia
In animal research, lessions to which part of the brain have been shown to cause appetite loss, resulting in a self-starvation syndrome that is also hypothesized to be involved in understanding the etiology of eating disorder?
Lateral hypothalamus
In animal research, lessions to which part of the brain have been shown to cause appetite loss, resulting in a self-starvation syndrome that is also hypothesized to be involved in understanding the etiology of eating disorder?
Lateral hypothalamus
Nympha presented herself in the clinic for she has been being pre occupied by her partner’s infedelity. This led her to develop repetitive and clearly excessive mental acts and behaviors. Upon further assessment, these beliefs are non-delusional. This causes significant distress and impairment in functioning. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Obsessional jealousy
Concept proposed by Freud to counteract the theoretical problems of introjection in explaining the etiology of depression.
Symbolic Loss
Which of the following best describes what is known regarding the definition of abnormality
a. Personal distress is the one criterion that defines abnormality
b. The criteria differ depending on the cause of the psychological disorder.
c. The criteria differ depending on whether the individual has a psychological disorder or psychological dysfunction.
d. No one criterion has yet been developed that fully defines abnormality.
d. No one criterion has yet been developed that fully defines abnormality.
Which of the following best describes diseases?
a. These are syndromes that are typically constellations of signs and symptoms that co-occur across individuals.
b. these are syndromes that cannot be readily explained by other conditions
c. These are disorders in which pathology and etiology are reasonably well understood
d. These are disorders that are caused by medical factors.
c. These are disorders in which pathology and etiology are reasonably well understood
Which of the following is true regarding the “four Ds” of abnormality?
a. Most clinicians agree on what qualifies under each of the “four Ds”
b. Every culture has generally identical criteria of what constitutes abnormality.
c. An individual can only be diagnosed with a mental illness if (s)he has all “four Ds”
d. None of the “four Ds” is, by itself, an adequate gauge of psychological abnormality.
d. None of the “four Ds” is, by itself, an adequate gauge of psychological abnormality.
What are the four Ds of Psychological Disorder
Dysfunction
Distress
Deviance
Dangerousness
Scientific study of mental disorders
Psychopathology
Applied branch of psychology that studies unusual patterns of behaviors, emotions and thought which may or may not indicate an underlying condition
Abnormal Psychology
One behavior that is like other people in the society
Normal Behavior
Which of the following models of abnormality emphasizes psychological pain as the determinant of mental illness?
a. Roschian Model
b. Biological Model
c. Subjective distress model
d. Harmful dysfunction model
c. Subjective distress model
Which of the following is most likely true about panic attack in social anxiety disorder (SAD)?
a. About 50% of adults with SAD experience panic attacks
b. Panic attack is an essential element of panic disorder it is not present in SAD
c. Panic attack occurs only in adults with SAD when it is comorbid with panic disorder
d. Panic attack may occur but is not common in SAD
a. About 50% of adults with SAD experience panic attacks
Which of the following is NOT a manifestation of atypical features specifier for major depressive disorder?
a. Diabolic loss
b. Symbolic loss
c. Regressive loss
d. Object loss
b. Symbolic loss
Interpersonal therapy is a form of psychodynamic approach that used as a treatment for depression. It focuses on ___________.
Relationship with others.
Usually conducted to identical twins because they share genetic makeup
Twin Studies
What are the criteria for determining Abnormal Behavior?
Norm-violation
Statistical rarity
Personal Discomfort
Deviation
Maladaptiveness
Study of the nervous system, especially the brain to understand behavior, emotions and cognitive processes.
Neuroscience
Type of learning in which neutral stimulus is paired with response until it elicits that response.
Classical Conditioning
Strength of the response to similar objects or people is usually a function of how similar these objects or people are.
Stimulus Generalization
A Psychological phenomenon, common among men diagnosed with psychogenic erectile dysfunction, refers to deficits in cognitive processing of emotions
Alexithymia
What characteristics of bipolar II disorder is contributory factor in suicidality?
Impulsivity
Founder of behaviorism also known as “little albert”
John B. Watson
Individuals inherit tendencies to express certain traits or behaviors, which may then be activated under conditions of stress
Diathesis-Stress Model
What are the four Factors of Diathesis-Stress Model
Predisposing
Precipitating
Protective
Perpetuating
Process of learning in which an individual acquires responses by observing and imitating others
Observational learning
Person’s confidence in their own abilities to accomplish their goals
Self - Efficacy
fight or flight response
Fear
direct all their feelings for the loved one, including sadness and anger, toward themselves
Introjections
person equates other kinds of events with the loss of a loved one
Symbolic or Imagined Loss
Seeing only of the extremes of things, never the middle
Dichotomous Thinking / Absolutist/ Blank and White Thinking
Making generalizations about a negative aspect
Overgeneralization
tendency for individuals to relate external events to themselves, even when there is no basis for making this connection
Personalization
focuses on the negative
Selective Abstraction
Evident when depressed individuals emphasize the negative rather than the positive aspects of a situations. Only accepts negative thoughts
Arbitrary Inference
2 Types of Amnesia
Biogenic
Psychogenic
Inability to retrieve information that was acquired before (remote memory loss)
Retrograde
Inability to transfer new information from the short-term store to long-term store (recent memory loss)
Anterograde
Allow us to recall easily
Retrieval Cue
Study how your behavior and environment can cause changes that affect your genes work
Epigenetics
What are the sociogenetic factors?
Unemployment
Poverty
Crime
Poor Educational Level
The “Malleus Maleficarum” was
a. a witch hunt manual
b. a ceremonial guide used by witches
c. a treatment manual used in early mental hospitals
d. Freudian perspective on mental illness
a. a witch hunt manual
Statistical data are often relevant when discussing psychological disorders. For example, a researcher might want to know how many new cases of depression are diagnosed each year, a figure called the ___________ of the disorder.
a. Prevalence
b. Incidence
c. Recurrence
d. Ratio
b. Incidence
A ___________ is what first brought the individual to therapy; the ______________ represents the unique combination of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that make up a specific disorder.
a. presenting problem; clinical description
b. diagnosis; symptoms
c. incidence; prevalence
d. clinical description; presenting problem
a. presenting problem; clinical description
The violence at home may lead to several precipitants to the members of the family such as abused wife, neglected child, malnourished infant, and a narcissistic PD father. This states that a single cause may lead to different effects is:
a. Multifinality
b. Equifinality
c. Polygenic
d. Multidimentional
a. Multifinality
Most psychological disorders appear to be influenced by many individual genes rather than caused by one single gene, a process referred to as:
a. Multigenic
b. Unigenic
c. Polygenic
d. Morphogenic
c. Polygenic
In dissiociative fugue, the term fugue relates to ___________.
flight or travel
A mental status exam covers all of the following categories EXCEPT:
a. physical symptoms
b. appearance
c. intellectual functioning
d. behavior
a. physical symptoms
A person was bitten by a Chihuahua dog when he was five years old. Now he is afraid of all dogs. This is an example of
a. stimulus inhibition
b. stimulus discrimination
c. stimulus generalization
d. stimulus disinhibition
c. stimulus generalization
It is a characterized by bizarre behavior and thoughts and by faulty perceptions reality, such as hallucinations due to the weakened or underdeveloped ego. Speech may become incoherent; there may be bizarre posturing and gestures and schizophrenia is the major form of this (a loss of touch with reality)
Psychosis
The recurrent thoughts of suicide among persons with bipolar usually occurs during
Depressive episodes
Mrs. Santos was asked to describe her marriage to her therapist; she bitterly cried then laughed widely. This shift of emotions refers to what we called
Ambivalence
In this therapy, the person with a fear of snakes, for example, might first look at a harmless, caged snake from across the room and then gradually approach and interact with the snake in a step-by-step process, progressing to each new step only when feeling completely calm at the prior step. It is often combined with cognitive techniques that focus on replacing anxiety-arousing irrational thoughts with calming rational thoughts.
a. imaginal desensitization
b. modeling
c. gradual exposure - in vivo
d. aversive conditioning
c. gradual exposure - in vivo
In a clinical interview, the law regarding “privileged communication” does NOT apply if the patient:
a. threatens self-harm or harm to another person
b. relates a history of sexual abuse
c. has been mentally ill for more than five years
d. is hospitalized in a psychiatric facility.
a. threatens self-harm or harm to another person
A businessman commits suicide when he must file for bankruptcy. According to Durkheim, this is which type of suicide?
a. altruistic
b. egoistic
c. intrinsic
d. anomic
d. anomic
Jane is diagnosed with bipolar II disorder. You can expect that she will experience
a. full manic episodes
b. hypomanic episodes
c. both manic and hypomanic episodes
d. neither manic nor hypomanic episodes
b. hypomanic episodes
Psychotherapeutic approaches do not focus on the person’s active symptoms if the latter experiences episodes of such symptoms. Instead, therapy focuses on the making changes that will help the person cope over the long period of time. This is true of:
a. PTSD
b. Schizophrenia
c. Borderline Personality Disorder
d. Major Depression
c. Borderline Personality Disorder
Who developed the self- psychology model as the proposed psychological etiology of narcissistic personality disorder
Heinz Kohut
Personality disorders are characterized by extremes of ______________.
a. personality trait dimensions.
b. negative personality symptoms.
c. personality behaviors.
d. positive personality symptoms.
a. personality trait dimensions.
According to to Rogers behavior disorders are the result of ________________.
Incongruence between self-concept and potential
According to Kraepelin, mental disorders can be seen in terms of symptom clusters that have their own cause, course and outcome, which are considered _______ in origin.
biological
The sense of being either male or female is referred to as
gender identity
The basic goal of community psychology is
a. affordable treatment
b. community-based treatment
c. stable communities
d. prevention
d. prevention
People with panic disorder are more likely to hav irregularities in certain areas of the limbic system. Which of the following is often associated with panic attack?
a. hippocampus
b. locus ceruleus
c. hypothalamus
d. septum
b. locus ceruleus
According to studies, whose group/s mental health were mostly affected during the COVID 19 pandemic in the Philippines?
a. Young people
b. Adults
c. Infants
d. None of the above
a. Young people
Experiments that are done with animals whereby findings are expected to be generalized to humans called:
analogue studies
Which disorder accounts for the biggest global burden
a. substance abuse disorder
b. depression
c. anxiety
d. bipolar disorder
b. depression
In what stage of Erik Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development would paranoia most probably develop?
a. Oral-sensory stage
b. Trust vs. Mistrust
c. Intimacy vs. Isolation
d. Adolescence
a. Oral-sensory stage
