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AS Religion And Ethics > Abortion and Euthanasia > Flashcards

Abortion and Euthanasia Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an argument against life being sacred from conception?

A

42% of embryos abort naturally before 14 days, before the primitive streak forms

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2
Q

What did Thomas Aquinas argue about abortion?

A

Less serious to kill an unformed soul than a formed soul (40 days for boy and 90 days for girl)

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3
Q

What Roman Catholic piece of legislation argued the church’s position on Abortion?

A

Declaration on Procured Abortion, 1974

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4
Q

When does the Roman Catholic Church believe that life is sacred?

A

From conception

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5
Q

What was Judith Jarvis Thompson’s argument for Abortion?

A

Woman should have absolute autonomy over their bodies

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6
Q

What did the 1973 Roe vs Wade say about abortion?

A

That an abortion in the first twelve weeks is a woman’s right as privacy reigns over the state’s interest

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7
Q

What does the CofE say about abortion in terms of self defence?

A

Abortion should be permitted if it puts a woman’s life at risk

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8
Q

What would be the argument against the right to self defence?

A

That if the woman’s life is sacred, so is the baby’s

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9
Q

What has Jean Vanier done to show the the foetus is severely disabled argument obsolete?

A

That the argument of the foetus being disabled is obsolete because his L’Arche centres have show disabled people can enjoy life

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10
Q

What did John Stuart Mill say about abortion?

A

That if laws are too restrictive that they are more likely to be broken

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11
Q

What is the argument against Mill’s restrictive laws argument?

A

That laws need to protect innocent human life

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12
Q

When does Judith Jarvis Thompson oppose abortion?

A

If the women did not use contraception

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13
Q

What is Dr John Parsons argument for abortion?

A

That 170,000 more babies a year is not practical

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14
Q

Why does Japan promote abortion?

A

Population control

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15
Q

When is abortion a good alternative?

A

In China when it is a better alternative to infanticide because families will kill girls due to one-child policy

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16
Q

How does Peter Singer define a person?

A

Foetus need to be conscious, feel pain, to reason and to show self-awareness

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17
Q

What is the weakness of Peter Singer’s and Michael Tooley’s definition of a person?

A

Disabled babies and newborns do not meet their definition and so infanticide could be justified

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18
Q

What is Judith Jarvis Thompson’s argument against abortion?

A

That if you had a burglar in your house you would be allowed to expel it, so the same should apply to the womb

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19
Q

What is said in Jeremiah 5:1?

A

“I called you whilst you were in your mothers womb.”

20
Q

What does Dr John Habgood argue?

A

That the polarisation of the debate does not help and development is not being made because of this

21
Q

What is passive euthanasia?

A

Withdrawing treatment or switching off life support

22
Q

What is active euthanasia?

A

Dying intentionally through lethal injection, ect.

23
Q

Define euthanasia

A

“A deliberate termination of an individual’s life at the request of an individual. Or by active and deliberate termination of a patient’s life…by a doctor” (Dutch commission on Euthanasia, 1985)

24
Q

List the arguments in favour of abortion

A 
Personhood (PS and MT)
Sperm is not person, personhood (MAW)
Burglar theory (JJT)
Life threatening (JJT)
Special circumstances (1967 Abortion Act)
Restrictive laws (JSM)
25
Q

Define Abortion

A

A premature expulsion of a fetus from the womb

26
Q

What is the argument for the right to self-determination?

A

Women should have absolute autonomy over her body (Judith Jarvis Thompson)

27
Q

What is the argument against the right to self-determination?

A

Abortion entails the killing of an innocent human life

28
Q

What is the argument for abortion being a private act?

A

The 1973 Roe vs Wade case said an abortion in the first twelve weeks is a woman’s right as privacy prevails over the state’s interest

29
Q

What is the argument against abortion being a private act?

A

Abortion also depreciates human life and may lead to other violations

30
Q

What does Judith Jarvis Thompson believe women should have?

A

Autonomy over their baby

31
Q

What analogy does Judith Jarvis Thompson use?

A

The Burglar Analogy

32
Q

What famous American case regarded abortion?

A

1973, Roe vs Wade

33
Q

What implications did Roe vs Wade have upon the abortion arguments?

A

Abortion in first 12 weeks is a private act

34
Q

What is the major piece of legislation regarding abortion in the UK?

A

1967 Abortion Act

35
Q

What did the 1967 Abortion Act recognise?

A

If a risk to a woman’s health abortion should be permitted

36
Q

What does Judith Jarvis Thompson say about the baby’s rights?

A

That if the baby threatens life then will have right to abort

37
Q

What does John Stuart Mill say about anti-Abortion laws?

A

Laws that are restrictive are often broken

38
Q

What example can be used to evidence the problem with restrictive laws?

A

The pre-1967 abortion act clinics

39
Q

Why is Abortion not a private act?

A

Murder is not private and devalues human life

40
Q

What are the two types of abortion?

A

Procured

Therapeutic

41
Q

What is a therapeutic abortion?

A

An abortion due to the risk to mother’s health

42
Q

Why is abortion in therapeutic grounds weak?

A

Because the therapeutic clause is too subjective and is abused

43
Q

What is a counter argument to Thompson’s view that a mother should save herself over the baby?

A

Both lives are sacred and should not interfere with nature

44
Q

Why should we implement abortion laws regardless of Mills argument?

A

Need to uphold laws which protect human lifetime

45
Q

What does Mary Ann Warren believe?

A

Foetus not a person, does not deserve human rights

46
Q

Why is a foetus not a person according to Warren?

A

If foetus a person, then sperm and ovum persons and birth provides a clear boundary

47
Q

What does Glover reject?

A

Warren’s view on birth because of similarity between later foetuses and premature babies

AS Religion And Ethics (4 decks)

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