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Abnormal Psychology > Abnormal Psychology Lesson 2 - Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Abnormal Psychology Lesson 2 - Personality Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

A person with antisocial personality disorder may (8)

A
  • Be able to act witty and charming
  • Be good at flattery and manipulating other people’s emotions
  • Break the law repeatedly
  • Disregard the safety of self and others
  • Have problems with substance abuse
  • Lie, steal, and fight often
  • Not show guilt or remorse  Often be angry or arrogant
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2
Q

A person with borderline personality disorder may (9)

A
  • A pattern of severe mood changes over hours or days
  • Extreme anger and problems controlling anger
  • Strong, up-and-down relationships with family and friends that can go quickly from very close to anger and hatred
  • Extreme fear of and reactions to abandonment, and extreme behaviors to avoid abandonment
  • A rapidly changing sense of self that can cause sudden changes in goals, values, or behaviors
  • Feeling disconnected from themselves, their body, or reality, or having paranoid thoughts
  • Ongoing feelings of emptiness
  • Self-destructive behaviors, such as substance abuse, binge eating, unsafe sex with multiple partners, unsafe driving, or reckless spending
  • Suicide attempts or self-harming behavior, such as cutting, hair pulling, or burning.
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3
Q

A person with histrionic personality disorder may (8)

A
  • Excessive attention seeking
  • Engaging in inappropriate behaviors to gain praise or approval
  • Acting out in order to always be the center of attention; feeling uncomfortable or out of place when not the center of attention
  • Being easily influenced by others
  • Having an obsessive focus on your appearance
  • Believing that relationships are closer or more intimate than they actually are
  • Dressing provocatively or in an inappropriately sexy way; using one’s looks or physical appearance to gain attention
  • Rapidly shifting emotional states centered on how events affect them
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4
Q

A person with narcissistic personality disorder may (9)

A
  • Grandiosity
  • Excessive need for admiration
  • Superficial and exploitative relationships
  • Lack of empathy
  • Identity disturbance
  • Difficulty with attachment and dependency
  • Chronic feelings of emptiness and boredom
  • Vulnerability to life transitions
  • Narcissistic personality disorder is also a significant risk factor for suicide and suicidal attempts
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5
Q

a type of psychiatric disorder that features attention-seeking behaviours, seductive behaviour and emotional over-reaction. Patterns of extreme emotionality and attentionseeking behavior. Its name comes from the word histrionic, which means “dramatic or theatrical.”

A

Histrionic personality disorder

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6
Q

Antisocial personality disorder is sometimes called

A

Sociopathy

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7
Q

are not normally grounded in reality, nor do they admit that they have negative feelings about other people. They distrust people so much that they will not discuss how they feel, and harbor suspicions for lengthy periods of time

A

Paranoid Personality Disorder

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8
Q

aspect of self or self-representation. It also refers to the characteristics of women, men, girls and boys that are socially constructed.

A

Gender

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9
Q

Characterization of Dependent personality disorder (4)

A
  • Get others to assume responsibility for major areas of their lives.
  • Has difficulty making everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others.
  • Lack self-confidence.
  • Experience intense discomfort when alone for more than a brief period.
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10
Q

Characterized by a general pattern of concern with, in OCPD (4)

A
  • perfectionism
  • excessive attention to details
  • difficulty forming and maintaining close relationships with others
  • experience anxiety that occurs with depression.
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11
Q

Common symptoms of Schizoid personality disorder (5)

A
  • Prefers to be alone over spending time with others
  • No interest in keeping up family relationships or friendships
  • Lack of emotional expression
  • Doesn’t enjoy activities that others think are fun
  • Can’t read normal social cues
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12
Q

Common symptoms of Schizotypal personality disorder (6)

A
  • Dressing unusually
  • Speech and behavior that isn’t considered socially acceptable
  • Odd perceptions, like hearing a voice talk to you
  • Lack of emotions or inappropriate emotions for a situation
  • Social anxiety
  • Seeing messages that you think have hidden meanings just for you
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13
Q

DSM-5 Criteria of Avoidant Personality Disorder (7)

A
  1. Avoids occupational activities that involve significant social contact, due to fears of disapproval or rejection.
  2. Unwilling to deal with people unless sure of being liked.
  3. Restraint within intimate relationships due to fear of being shamed or ridiculed.
  4. Preoccupied with being criticized or rejected in social situations.
  5. Inhibited in new social situations because of feelings of inadequacy.
  6. Views themselves as socially inept, personally unappealing, or inferior to others.
  7. Unusually reluctant to take risks or to engage in new activities because they may prove embarrassing.
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14
Q

flirtatious, seductive, charming, manipulative, impulsive, and lively

A

Characterization of Histrionic personality disorder

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15
Q

Impulsivity, irresponsible and often criminal behaviour

A

Characterization of Antisocial personality disorder

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16
Q

indicated by a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others (7)

A
  1. Failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors, as indicated by repeatedly performing acts that are grounds for arrest.
  2. Deceitfulness, as indicated by repeated lying, use of aliases, or conning others for personal
    profit or pleasure.
  3. Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead.
  4. Irritability and aggressiveness, as indicated by repeated physical fights or assaults.
  5. Reckless disregard for safety of self or others.
  6. Consistent irresponsibility, as indicated by repeated failure to sustain consistent work behavior or honor financial obligations.
  7. Lack of remorse, as indicated by being indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt, mistreated, or stolen from another
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17
Q

indicated by a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation

A
  • Has difficulty making everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others.
  • Needs others to assume responsibility for most major areas of his or her life.
  • Has difficulty expressing disagreement with others because of fear of loss of support or approval. (Note: Do not include realistic fears of retribution.)
  • Has difficulty initiating projects or doing things on his or her own.
  • Goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance and support from others, to the point of volunteering to do things that are unpleasant.
  • Feels uncomfortable or helpless when alone because of exaggerated fears of being unable to care for himself or herself.
  • Urgently seeks another relationship as a source of care and support when a close relationship ends.
  • Is unrealistically preoccupied with fears of being left to take care of himself or herself
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18
Q

indicated by a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others at Paranoid Personality Disorder (7)

A
  1. Suspects, without sufficient basis, that others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving him or her.
  2. Is preoccupied with unjustified doubts about the loyalty or trustworthiness of friends or associates.
  3. Is reluctant to confide in others because of unwarranted fear that the information will be used maliciously against him or her.
  4. Reads hidden demeaning or threatening meanings into benign remarks or events.
  5. Persistently bears grudges (i.e., is unforgiving of insults, injuries, or slights).
  6. Perceives attacks on his or her character or reputation that are not apparent to others and is quick to react angrily or to counterattack.
  7. Has recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding fidelity of spouse or sexual partner
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19
Q

indicated by a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings (7)

A
  1. Neither desires nor enjoys close relationships, including being part of a family.
  2. Almost always chooses solitary activities.
  3. Has little, if any, interest in having sexual experiences with another person.
  4. Takes pleasure in few, if any, activities.
  5. Lacks close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives.
  6. Appears indifferent to the praise or criticism of others.
  7. Shows emotional coldness, detachment, or flattened affectivity
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20
Q

indicated by a pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking (8)

A
  1. Is uncomfortable in situations in which he or she is not the center of attention.
  2. Interaction with others is often characterized by inappropriate sexually seductive or provocative behavior.
  3. Displays rapidly shifting and shallow expression of emotions.
  4. Consistently uses physical appearance to draw attention to self.
  5. Has a style of speech that is excessively impressionistic and lacking in detail.
  6. Shows self-dramatization, theatricality, and exaggerated expression of emotion.
  7. Is suggestible (i.e., easily influenced by others or circumstances).
  8. Considers relationships to be more intimate than they actually are.
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21
Q

indicated by a pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy (9)

A
  1. Has a grandiose sense of self-importance (e.g., exaggerates achievements and talents, expects to be recognized as superior without commensurate achievements).
  2. Is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love.
  3. Believes that he or she is “special” and unique and can only be understood by, or should associate with, other special or highstatus people (or institutions).
  4. Requires excessive admiration.
  5. Has a sense of entitlement (i.e., unreasonable expectations of especially favorable treatment or automatic compliance with his or her expectations).
  6. Is interpersonally exploitative (i.e., takes advantage of others to achieve his or her own ends).
  7. Lacks empathy: is unwilling to recognize or identify with the feelings and needs of others.
  8. Is often envious of others or believes that others are envious of him or her.
  9. Shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes.
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22
Q

indicated by a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity (9)

A
  1. Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment. (Note: Do not include suicidal or self-mutilating behavior covered in Criterion 5.)
  2. A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation.
  3. Identity disturbance: markedly and persistently unstable self- image or sense of self.
  4. Impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self- damaging (e.g., spending, sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating). (Note: Do not include suicidal or self-mutilating behavior covered in Criterion 5.)
  5. Recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats, or selfmutilating behavior.
  6. Affective instability due to a marked reactivity of mood (e.g., intense episodic dysphoria, irritability, or anxiety usually lasting a few hours and only rarely more than a few days).
  7. Chronic feelings of emptiness.
  8. Inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger (e.g., frequent displays of temper, constant anger, recurrent physical fights).
  9. Transient, stress-related paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptoms
23
Q

indicated by a pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior (9)

A
  1. Ideas of reference (excluding delusions of reference).
  2. Odd beliefs or magical thinking that influences behavior and is inconsistent with subcultural norms (e.g., superstitiousness, belief in clairvoyance, telepathy, or “sixth sense”; in children and adolescents, bizarre fantasies or preoccupations).
  3. Unusual perceptual experiences, including bodily illusions.
  4. Odd thinking and speech (e.g., vague, circumstantial, metaphorical, overelaborate, or stereotyped).
  5. Suspiciousness or paranoid ideation.
  6. Inappropriate or constricted affect.
  7. Behavior or appearance that is odd, eccentric, or peculiar.
  8. Lack of close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives.
  9. Excessive social anxiety that does not diminish with familiarity and tends to be associated with paranoid fears rather than negative judgments about self.
24
Q

Instability of affect, impulsivity, self-harm, chaotic interpersonal relationships, and identity disturbance

A

Characterization of Borderline personality disorder

25
Q

is a mental condition in which people have an inflated sense of their own importance, a deep need for excessive attention and admiration, troubled relationships, and a lack of empathy for others. But behind this mask of extreme confidence lies a fragile self-esteem that’s vulnerable to the slightest criticism.

A

Narcissistic personality disorder

26
Q

is a mental disorder in which a person consistently shows no regard for right and wrong and ignores the rights and feelings of others. It is on a spectrum, which means it can range in severity from occasional bad behaviour to repeatedly breaking the law and committing serious crimes.

A

Antisocial personality disorder

27
Q

is a mental health condition marked by a consistent pattern of intense discomfort with close relationships and social interactions. Often believe that they can influence other people or events with their thoughts. They may misinterpret behaviors, leading to inappropriate emotional responses. They may also avoid having intimate relationships

A

Schizotypal personality disorder (STPD)

28
Q

is a mental health condition marked by a consistent pattern of detachment from and general disinterest in social relationships. An uncommon condition in which people avoid social activities and consistently shy away from interaction with others. They also have a limited range of emotional expression

A

Schizoid personality disorder (ScPD)

29
Q

is a mental illness that severely impacts a person’s ability to regulate their emotions. This loss of emotional control can increase impulsivity, affect how a person feels about themselves, and negatively impact their relationships with others. It includes self-image issues, difficulty managing emotions and behavior, and a pattern of unstable relationships

A

Borderline personality disorder

30
Q

is a way of life of a group of people–the behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept, generally without thinking about them, and that are passed along by communication and imitation from one generation to the next.

A

Culture

31
Q

is an anxious personality disorder characterized by an inability to be alone; developing symptoms of anxiety when they’re not around others. They rely on other people for comfort, reassurance, advice, and support.

A

Dependent personality disorder (DPD)

32
Q

Is called the anxious, fearful cluster. It can make you avoid or cling to people, depending on the specific disorder

A

Cluster C

33
Q

is described as the odd or eccentric cluster of personalities. Social awkwardness and social withdrawal are common features. Tend to have relationship issues because their behavior is seen as peculiar, suspicious, or detached

A

Cluster A

34
Q

long-term patterns of behavior and inner experiences that differs significantly from what is expected

A

Personality disorders

35
Q

Patterns of inner experience and behavior the deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture (4)

A
  • Cognition
  • Affectivity
  • Interpersonal functioning
  • Impulse control
36
Q

pervasive pattern of intense discomfort with and reduced capacity for close relationships, by distorted cognition and perceptions, and by eccentric behavior

A

Characterization of Schizotypal personality disorder

37
Q

pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and a hypersensitivity to negative evaluation (5)

A
  • Inhibited person who has feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem
  • Intensely afraid that others will ridicule them, reject them, or criticize them
  • Lead socially withdrawn lives
  • Commonly described as having an inferiority complex
  • Often have a very limited social world with a small circle of confidant
38
Q

pervasive pattern of unwarranted distrust and suspicion of others that involves interpreting their motives as malicious

A

Characterization of Paranoid Personality Disorder

39
Q

Sense of grandiosity, the need for attention and admiration, superficial interpersonal relationships, and a lack of empathy

A

Characterization of Narcissistic personality disorder

40
Q

Social isolation and feelings of indifference toward other people. Often described as distant or withdrawn and tend to avoid social situations that involve interaction with other people.

A

Characterization of Schizoid personality disorder

41
Q

Some common symptoms of Paranoid Personality Disorder (6)

A
  • Distrust of the motives behind others’ actions
  • Belief that everyone is trying to hurt or deceive you
  • Belief that others lack loyalty to you and aren’t trustworthy as a result
  • Won’t talk to others or share information for fear of retribution (payback)
  • Seeing insults or attacks in harmless comments
  • Tendency to hold grudges
42
Q

Symptoms of Avoidant Personality Disorder

A
  • Not being able to handle criticism or rejection
  • Avoiding work or social activities with a lot of interaction
  • Avoiding new activities or meeting new people
  • Fear of disappointing others
  • Feeling timid or shy and preferring to be alone
43
Q

Symptoms of Dependent personality disorder

A
  • relying on friends or family for decision-making
  • needing repeated reassurance
  • being easily hurt by disapproval
  • feeling isolated and nervous when alone
  • fearing rejection
44
Q

is a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency

A

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)

45
Q

Symptoms of OCPD

A
  • perfectionism to the point that it impairs the ability to finish tasks
  • extreme attention to detail
  • an inability to share or delegate work because of a fear it won’t be done right
  • wanting to be in control of any situation
46
Q

DSM-5 of OCPD

A
  1. Is preoccupied with details, rules, lists, order, organization, or schedules to the extent that the major point of the activity is lost.
  2. Shows perfectionism that interferes with task completion (e.g., is unable to complete a project because his or her own overly strict standards are not met)
  3. Is excessively devoted to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities and friendships (not accounted for by obvious economic necessity)
  4. Is overconscientious, scrupulous, and inflexible about matters of morality, ethics, or values (not accounted for by cultural or religious identification)
  5. Is unable to discard worn-out or worthless objects even when they have no sentimental value
  6. Is reluctant to delegate tasks or to work with others unless they submit to exactly his or her way of doing things.
  7. Adopts a miserly spending style toward both self and others; money is viewed as something to be hoarded for future catastrophes.
  8. Shows rigidity and stubbornness
47
Q

The pattern of experience and behavior begins in late adolescence or early adulthood and causes distress or problems in functioning

A

Personality disorders

48
Q

the range, intensity, liability, and appropriateness of emotional response

A

Affectivity

49
Q

The second of the three clusters includes disorders described as dramatic, emotional, or erratic. Impulse control and emotional regulation are problems for people with disorders categorized in _____. Healthy relationships are almost impossible for people in this cluste

A

Cluster B

50
Q

Types of personality disorder included in Cluster A (3)

A
  • Paranoid Personality Disorder
  • Schizoid Personality Disorder
  • Schizotypal Personality Disorder
51
Q

Types of Cluster C (3)

A
  • Avoidant personality disorder
  • Dependent personality disorder
  • Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
52
Q

Types of personality disorder included in Cluster B (4)

A
  • Antisocial personality disorder
  • Borderline personality disorder
  • Histrionic personality disorder
  • Narcissistic personality disorder
53
Q

ways of perceiving and interpreting self, other people and events

A

Cognition

Abnormal Psychology (2 decks)

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