Abnormal Psychology Flashcards
Biogenic
due to biological factors
Psychogenic
can be used interchangeably with psychosomatic
Psychosomatic
disorder that has physical symptoms due to emotional or psychological factors
Idiopathic
unknown etiology
Polythetic Criteria
requires an individual meet only a subset of the criteria for a given disorder to qualify for that diagnosis. Consequently, people with somewhat different symptoms can be assigned the same diagnosis
Phonological processing
ability to process the phonological features of a word ( to understand how sounds combine to form words) associated with dyslexia
Anosognosia
lack of awareness of one’s own symptoms or disorder
Erotomatic Delusion:
A person who believes that another person (usually of higher status) is in love with him or her despite incontrovertible evidence to the contrary is experiencing an erotomanic delusion.
Grandiose Delusion
Characterized by an inflated sense of worth, knowledge, power, or identity or the belief that one has made an important discovery.
Idea of Reference
The belief that events, people, or objects in the environment have a special significance for the individual.
Allusion
A misperception or misinterpretation of an actual external stimulus.
Lewinsohn’s Theory:
Based on the principles of operant conditioning and attributes depression to low rates of response-contingent reinforcement.
Pseudodementia
Sometimes used to describe Major Depressive Disorder when it involves apathy and prominent cognitive symptoms (e.g., memory loss, impaired concentration, distractibility). A distinguishing feature is that people with pseudodementia are likely to exaggerate their cognitive problems, while those with a major or mild Neurocognitive Disorder tend to deny or minimize them.
Pure Alexia
Inability to read
Ideational Apraxia
Inability to carry out purposeful movements, in order to complete a task
Synthesthesia
Stimulation in one sensory modality affects another sensory
Unlateral Anomia
On one side, inability to recall names of familiar objects
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Has been most consistently linked to early memory loss.
Hypnagogic Hallucinations
Vivid dreams that occur during the transition from an awake to a sleep state.
Hypnopompic Hallucination
A vivid dream that occurs during the transition from sleep to wakefulness
Marlatt and Gordon’s (1985) Relapse Prevention Therapy
Focuses on identifying circumstances that increase the individual’s risk for relapse and implementing strategies to deal with those circumstances. According to Marlatt and Gordon, the potential for future relapse is reduced when you views lapses as resulting from specific, external, and controllable factors.
Localized amnesia
Inability to remember all events related to a specific period of time
Selective Amnesia
Inability to remember events that occurred at the same time as other experiences that are recalled.
Generalized Amnesia
Loss of memory that encompasses entire life
Continuous Amnesia
Loss of memory for events from specific period of time to the present
Systematized Amnesia
Inability to recall memories related to a certain category of information (i.e. spouse
Dissociative Fugue
Purposeful travel with inability to remember some or all of a person’s past
Depersonalization
Sense of unreality, detachment, or being an outside observer of your own thoughts or feelings
Derealization
Sense of unreality or detachment involving one’s surroundings
Smoking Cessation Intervention
a. nicotine replacement therapy, b. multicomponent behavioral therapy, c support and assistance from clinician
