abnormal psyc Flashcards
positive symptoms of schizophrenia are?
named positive because they refer to symptoms that were not present before the person developed schizophrenia and thus are added to their experience.
hallucinations
delusions
diagnosed speech and behaviour
schizophrenia has the highest heritability of any psychological disorder? true or false?
true
to be diagnosed with major clinical depression, the person must experience?
low mood
loss of pleasure or enjoyment
disturbed sleep
loss of appetite
thoughts of death or dying?
low mood - loss of pleasure or enjoyment
how common is major clinical depression?
45%
1.5%
10-20%
2.5%
10-20%
on average how long is a person depressed before seeking help?
10 years
1 year
2 weeks
6 months
10 years
panic attacks are common in which of the following?
PTSD
GAD
OCD
SAD
or all?
all above
panic attacks often occur due to misrepresentation of normal physical responses, such as increased heart rate or shortness of breath?
true or false?
True
fear prompts the amygdala to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system to release adrenaline… this results in physical symptoms of anxiety known as flight, fright or flight mode?
true or false?
true
what is specific phobia and give examples?
fear of particular objects or events -
situations - flying or enclosed spaces
natural environment - storms or the dark
animals or insects
blood needles or injury
what is abnormal psychology?
study or psychological/ mental health and illness
what is psychological disorder made up of?
thoughts, feelings, behaviours +interactions and bodily sensations
what is psychological abnormality?
not expected reactions even if strong emotion
not merely distressing
not merely statistical likelihood
what are the 3 causations of mental illness according to etiological theories?
supernatural
so native if
psychogenic
why is etiology important?
it is the casual description of all of the factors that contribute i the development of a disorder or illness
what did Hippocrates do?
separate superstition and religion from medicine.
what was his theory on mental illness?
deficiency in or especially and excess of one of the four essential bodily fluids - blood, yellow bile, black bile, phlegm - was responsible for mental and physical illness
what were the treatments available?
blood letting
emetics you induce vomiting
changing diet, occupation, climate
administering medicines
what are maladaptive patterns in behaviour?
behaviours that cause people who have leaned them physical or emotional harm, prevent them from functioning in daily life, and/or indicate that they have lost touch with reality and/or cannot control their thoughts and behaviour. also called dysfunctional
what was the little Albert experiment?
demonstrated that classical conditioning could be used to create a phobia.
can learned maladaptive thought patterns cause metal disorder?
yes
what was the biopsychosocial model of mental illness?
accounted for multiple factors that affect health including - psychological, biological and sociology-cultural
what is Whare tapa wha?
Model for understanding Māori health
what is an example of gendering issues in diagnosis?
men = more likely aggressive
women = more likely histrionic or dramatic
what its the DSM?
diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. used by healthcare professionals in the US and much of the world as the author active guide to the diagnosis of mental disorders
what is comorbidity?
co-occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual
name 3 psychological disorder categories
anxiety disorder
mood disorder
psychotic disorder
what can Anxiety be defined as?
negative mood state that is accompanied by bodily symptoms
what is the difference between fear and anxiety?
anxiety = emotional response to anticipated future threat
fear = emotional response to imminent threat
what is GAD?
excessive, uncontrollable worry about a number of events or activities - the worry seriously interferes with functioning
what are some physical symptom of GAD
restlessness, fatigue, poor concentration, muscle tension, ire ability, sleep disturbance
what are phobic disorders?
anxiety about specific things that are not currently dangerous - objects, situations, experience
what happens when someone suffers from specific phobia?
avoidance of the object, situation or experience because of intense fear and anxiety
what is social anxiety disorder/ social phobia
marked fear or anxiety in one or more social situations in which person is exposed to possible scrutiny
examples of social anxiety disorder
public speaking
fear of crowds, strangers, unfamiliar people
eating, writing, peeing in public
what is panic disorder?
recurrent unexpected/ unpredictable panic attacks
what are some symptoms of panic attacks
heart pounding
trembling
nausea
derealisation
sweating
shortness of breath
feelings of chocking
depersonalisation
what is Agoraphobia
marked fear of not being able to escape
what are some examples of anxiety disorder treatments
medication
psychological interventions
cognition focused CBT
what are most commonly known used antidepressants today that block the trip take of serotonin on the brain?
SSRIs
What is electroconvulsive therapy? ECT
shock therapy
placebo effects are the???
improvement in and individuals condition due to the belief that he/she is being treated
by the 18th century, mentally i’ll individuals were?
placed in hospitals and asylums
the technique frequently used by cognitive therapists of teaching clients to question automatic beliefs, assumptions and predictions that often lead to negative emotions and to replace them with more realistic beliefs is called?
cognitive reconstructing
taking anxiety medication is part of cognitive behavioural therapy, true or false?
false
cognitive approach focussed on the idea that peoples ingrained, habitual ways of thinking affect their mood? true or false?
true
what is countertransference?
when an analyst begins to assume a major significance in a clients life and the client reacts to the analyst in the basis of unconscious childhood fantasies
any treatment for an unwanted fear or phobia that involves having patient experience the feared stimulus in order to habituate or extinguish the fear response is referred to as?
an exposure treatment
what is in vivio exposure
directly facing fear
operant techniques of behaviour therapy can help bipolar individuals, true or false?
false
