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COMAT - OBGYN > Abnormal Menstrual Cycles > Flashcards

Abnormal Menstrual Cycles Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 items define Primary Amenorrhea?

A
  1. No menses by 15 WITH secondary sex characteristics
  2. No menses by 13 WITHOUT secondary sex characteristics
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2
Q

What 2 items define Primary Amenorrhea?

A
  1. No menses by 15 WITH secondary sex characteristics
  2. No menses by 13 WITHOUT secondary sex characteristics
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3
Q

Describe Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome. Karyotype?

A

46XY
- Phenotypically FEMALE
- NO pubic hair
- Absent cervix, uterus, ovaries

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4
Q

Describe Klinefelter Syndrome. Karyotype?

A

47XXY
- Phenotypically MALE + Female characteristics
- Long arms/legs and wide hips
- Larger breasts
- Lack of male pattern body hair
- Small testes

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5
Q

Signs of Kallmann’s Syndrome?

A

Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism + anosmia

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6
Q

Besides Kallmann Syndrome, what else can lead to hypogonadism and delayed puberty?

A

Malnourished and excessive exercise

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7
Q

What things can be done in the workup for Primary Amenorrhea?

A

US
FSH/LH and Estrogen levels
Karyotype Analysis

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8
Q

What defines Secondary Amenorrhea?

A

NO menses for 6 months after previously having them

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9
Q

What defines Secondary Amenorrhea?

A

NO menses for 6 months after previously having them

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10
Q

What is the initial workup for Secondary Amenorrhea? (4)

A

UPT
FSH
TSH
Prolactin

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11
Q

What defines Primary Dysmenorrhea?

A

Pain with Menses with NO pathologic cause

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12
Q

What is a possible reason for Primary Dysmenorrhea?

A

Excess prostaglandins

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13
Q

What are some treatment options for Primary Dysmenorrhea?

A

NSAIDs
OCPs
IUD
Topical heat

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14
Q

What defines Secondary Dysmenorrhea?

A

Pain with Menses due to a specific organic cause

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15
Q

What are examples of things that cause Secondary Dysmenorrhea?

A

Endometriosis
Adenomyosis
Fibroids
PID

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16
Q

What is Endometriosis?

A

Endometrial glands/stroma outside of the uterus

17
Q

How is Endometriosis diagnosed?

A

Laparoscopy and direct visualization of lesions

18
Q

How may the lesions look with Endometriosis?

A

“Powder burned” – dark brown appearance
“Chocolate cyst” – Endometrioma on the ovary

19
Q

What are some common symptoms of Endometriosis?

A

Infertility
Pain with menses/sex
Pelvic pain

20
Q

What is Adenomyosis?

A

Endometrial tissue in the myometrium of the uterus

21
Q

How will Adenomyosis present?

A

Pain and heavy periods

22
Q

How will the uterus feel with Adenomyosis?

A

Symmetrically ENLARGED

23
Q

How do you diagnose Adenomyosis?

A

Tissue sample

24
Q

You can try symptomatic relief with Adenomyosis but what is the definitive treatment?

A

Hysterectomy

25
Q

What is the pneumonic for abnormal bleeding?

A

PALM - COEIN

26
Q

What are structural causes of abnormal uterine bleeding?

A

PALM
- Polyps
- Adenomyosis
- Leiomyomas
- Malignancy

27
Q

What are non-structural causes of abnormal uterine bleeding?

A

COEIN
- Coagulopathy
- Ovulatory dysfunction
- Endometrial
- Iatrogenic
- Not yet classified

28
Q

What is the pneumonic for abnormal uterine bleeding and what it stands for?

A

PALM - COEIN
Polyps
Adenomyosis
Leiomyomas
Malignancy
-
Coagulopathy
Ovulatory dysfunction
Endometrial
Iatrogenic
Not yet classified

29
Q

Painful and very heavy periods with a symmetrically enlarged uterus?

A

Adenomyosis

30
Q

Cyclic pelvic pain, pain with sex and menses and infertility is likely?

A

Endometriosis

31
Q

More than 35 days between periods

A

Oligomenorrhea

32
Q

Less than 21 days between periods

A

Polymenorrhea

33
Q

Heavy periods

A

Menorrhagia

34
Q

Intermenstrual bleeding

A

Metrorrhagia

35
Q

Heavy periods with intermenstrual bleeding

A

Menometrorrhagia

COMAT - OBGYN (12 decks)

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