Abnormal mammogram Flashcards
DIAGNOSTIC PROCESS
i) what ages does breast screening cover?
ii) what three assesments happen if a lump is found?
iii) if a biopsy is categorised as B2 - is it malignant or benign?
iv) what is the most common site of mets for breast cancer?
i) 50-70yrs then self referral
ii) find a lump > triple assess = imaging, surgical/clinical exam and biopsy
iii) B2 = benign eg fibroadenoma
iv) axillary LNs are most common site of breast cancer mets
HISTOLOGICAL SAMPLES
i) what does B1 mean?
ii) what cells are looked for in tissue? what does this mean if they are present?
iii) name a benign breast tumour
iv) what is the main question asked to decide whether a tumour is in situ?
v) what would be done for a tumour in B5 category?
i) B1 = no lesion
ii) look for basal cells - if they are present then it is benign
iii) benign tumour = fibroadenoma
iv) if the basement membrane is in tact then the tumour is in situ
v) wide local excision
in relation to e-cadherin
i) which type of neoplasia retains it?
ii) which type of neoplasia loses it?
i) ductal neoplasia retains e-cad
ii) lobular neoplasia loses it
RECEPTOR EXPRESSION
i) which two receptors may be present if herceptin is used to treat?
ii) what is herceptin?
i) Her2/neu
ii) herceptin is a monoclonal antibody to her 2
BREAST CARCINOMA CLASSIFICATION
i) what is the most common morphological subtype?
ii) what is luminal A or B?
iii) what is triple negative? what mutations are these tumours associated with?
i) ductal
ii) luminal a/b are hormone receptor positive cancers
iii) triple neg = negative for oes, proges, HER2
- associated with BRCA muts (breast and ovarian cancer)
LYMPHOVASCULAR INVASION
i) how are LNs visualised? which nodes does this happen in?
ii) when must the LN biopsy be performed?
iii) which category always requires a LN biopsy?
i) vis LNs using microscopy > happens in senetiel (first to drain) LNs
ii) do LN biosy at the time of definitive excision (not diagnostic)
iii) B5b always requires a LN biopsy
