Abnormal Immune Responses Flashcards
what are the factors in immune response (3)
- tolerance
- antibodies
- age/diet/nutrition/genetics
which immunoglobulin is involved in type II allergies
IgG and IgM
what are the main cells involved in type I allergies
basophils and mast cells, producing histamin
what are the antigen properties favouring tolerance (3)
- molecular weight
- metabolism of antigen
- exposure time
what factors control the immune response (3)
- intensity of attack of pathogen
- specificity (MHC I and II)
- duration
autoimmune diseases are classified by:
- organ specific
- systemic
what is hypersensitivity
the immune system over-reacts to a stimulus
what are the factors involved in auto-immune disease
- genetics
- environment
- random
- stress
- unknown
- diet
how can anaphylaxis be treated
- anti-histamines
- steroids
- inhalers
- adrenalin cortisone
which cells are essential for turning on antibody production
Helper T cell:
Th1 - cell mediated immunity
Th2 - humoral immunity
which cells are CD8
t suppressor cells
cytotoxic t cells
type 1 hypersensitivity in a nutshell
- IgE
- mast cells and basophils
- immediate response
- allergies, anaphylaxis etc
type 2 hypersensitivity in a nutshell
- IgG and IgM
- cytotoxic t cells
- antibodies attack own cells, usually limited to a particular type of cell
- complement activation
type 3 hypersensitivity in a nutshell
- immune complex - can travel and lodge
- IgG
- caused by group A/B strep
- treat with antibiotics/ dialysis (if required)
type 4 hypersensitivity in a nutshell
- T helper cells and cytotoxic T cells
- delayed response - 48=72 hours
- eg contact dermatitis
- may lead to granulomatous hypersenitivity from exposure to leprosy
what is an anaphylactic response
- widespread and rapid response to an allergen
- dramatic fall in BP and collapse
- bronchoconstriction
- can be fatal
what are the signs/ symptoms of analphylaxis
- itching
- coughing
- shortness of breath
- hives
- swelling of lips
- abdominal pain
- low BP
- convulsions
- loss of consciousness
how is anaphylaxis managed
- identify cause
- avoid
- wear a medical alert
- spot symptoms early
- inject epinephrin
what is autoimmunity
the immune system attacks host components causing pathological change
what are some known contributory factors in autoimmune disease
- genetic disposition
- host factors
- environmental factors
- molecular mimicry
what is leukaemia
cancer of the immune system
