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Pedo > Abnormal growth and development > Flashcards

Abnormal growth and development Flashcards

1
Q

Term for male breasts

A

Gynecomastia

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2
Q

What is the reason for Turner’s syndrome

A

One normal X chromosome in female’s cells and the other one is missing or altered.
Thought to be caused by defect in SHOX gene

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3
Q

What are the clinical presentations of Turner syndrome

A 
Webbed neck
Low airline at the back of neck.
Lymphedema of hands and feet 
Early loss of ovarian function
Heart defects 
Normal interlligence
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4
Q

What group of cells is the main source of the placenta and associated membranes

A

Trophoblast

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5
Q

What group of cells is the main source of the embryo proper

A

Embryoblast

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6
Q

Name for the extramembrionic endoderm that lines the former blastocyst

A

Heuser’s membrane

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7
Q

Once Heuser’s membrane forms the blastocyst cavity is called

A

Primary yolk sac

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8
Q

what are PGCs and where are they

A

Primordial germ cells in the wall of the yolk sac

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9
Q

primitive streak is composed of

A

Primitive pit, node and groove

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10
Q

What is gastrulation

A

migration of the epiblast cells on day 16 through the primitive streak

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11
Q

What gives rise to the vertebral column, skeletal musculature and dermis

A

somitomeres

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12
Q

Ectoderm, mesoderm and definitive endoderm derive from

A

the epiblast during gastrulation

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13
Q

Development of Thyroid gland

A

NOT FROM A PHARYNGEAL POUCH

comes from midline thyroid diverticulum from endoderm

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14
Q

Hypoparathyroidism levels

A

low Ca

High Phosphorus in blood

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15
Q

sensory innervation of the mucosa of the a2/3 tongue is via

A

lingual branch of the trigeminal nerve

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16
Q

Taste innervation of the a2/3 tongue is via

A

chorda tympani branch of facial nerve

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17
Q

taste buds in circumballate papilla are inverted via

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

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18
Q

motor innervation of intrinsic skeletal muscles of tongue is via

A

hypoglossal nerve

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19
Q

Innervation of posterior 1/3 of tongue

A

sensory; glossopharyngeal
Taste: glossopharyngeal
Motor; hypoglossal

20
Q

Speech and swallowing movements of tongue

A

Hyploglossal (12)

21
Q

what does calcitonin from the thyroid glands do

A

Opposes the action of PTH.
Reduces calcium levels in blood by:
Inhibits activity of osteoclasts
decreases resorption of Ca in kidneys

22
Q

That does PTH do

A

Acts mainly in bone and kidneys
stimulates osteoclasts; casuses ↑ in serum concentration of Ca and Ph.
↑ in vit D prod
↑ resorption of Ca in distal renal tubules, ↓ Ca clearance
↓ resorption of Ph.

23
Q

what are the consequences of hyperparathyrodism

A

hypercalcimia
hypophosphatemia
High urinary Ca and Ph.

24
Q

What is tetralogy of fallot

A

Pulmonary stenosis
right ventricular hypertrophy
Overriding aorta
ventricular septal defect

25
Q

When is the basic morphology of the face created

A

Bn the fourth and tenth week by the dev of the five prominences of the first pharyngeal arch.

26
Q

the primary palate is formed by

A

posterior extensions of the inter maxillary process

27
Q

What gives rise to the posterior 1/3 of tongue

A

hypopharyngeal eminence

28
Q

The parotid gland develops from and is innervated by

A

invagination of ectoderm.
Sensory; auriculotemporal nerve of V3
Para: Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
Symp: Superior cervical sympathetic ganglion

29
Q

The submaidibular and sublingual salivary glands develop from

A

Invaginations of endoderm

30
Q

All salivary glands above the level of the oral fissure are innervated by

A

Greater petrosal branch of VII

31
Q

All salivary glands below the level of the oral fissure are inervated by

A

Chorda tympani branch of VII

32
Q

What are four functions of saliva

A

buffering
cleansing
antibacterial
Maintenance of oral enviro

33
Q

When do the dental laminas appear

A

sixth week

34
Q

Whwn do the 20 centers of epidermal proliferation develop

A

seventh week

35
Q

At what stage does amelogenesis occur

A

bell stage

36
Q

What are the three stages of amelogenesis

A

Inductive
Secretory
Maturation

37
Q

What is hypo plastic amelogenesis

A

defect in the amount of enamel;
Generalized; Reduced thick, smooth surf, normal hardness
Pitted; normal thick, pitted surface, normal hardness

38
Q

what is hypo maturation amelogenesis

A

defect in final growth and maturation of enamel crystallites and hypo mineralization.
Normal thickness, chipped surface, less hardness, opaque white coloration.

39
Q

What is hypo calcified amelogenesis

A

defect in initial crystallite formation followed by defective growth and hypo mineralization. Normal thickness, smooth surface, less hardness.

40
Q

When can implants be put in

A

Once all growth is completed
girls 17
boys 18-19

41
Q

what type of genetic condition is dentinogenesis imperfecta

A

AD.

Mutation in DSPP gene; cleaving of dentin sialophosphoprotein.

42
Q

What is the cause of osteogenesis imperfecta

A

mutation in COL1A1 or COL1A2.

loss of production of collagen.

43
Q

clinical presentation of osteogenesis imperfecta

A

bulbous crowns
small pulp chambers
shearing of overlying enamel.

44
Q

Ectodermal dysplasia characteristics

A

Defects in hair, nails, sweat glands and

teeth: missing, pointed, widely spaced, prone to cavities.

45
Q

what is holoprosencephaly

A

birth defect of the brain which affects the development of midline facial features; failure of prosencephalon to sufficiently divide into the double lobes.
Closed spaced eyes
Microcephaly
CLP

Pedo (2 decks)

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