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abnormal behavior > Abnormal Exam 1 Study Guide > Flashcards

Abnormal Exam 1 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Abnormal Definition

A

a combination of personal distress, psychological dysfunction, deviance from social norms, dangerousness to self and others, and costlines to society

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2
Q

What are the 4 D’s of abnormal behavior?

A

deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger

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3
Q

What is Deviance?

A

violation of a society’s ideas about proper function; in this case it isn’t something that is different

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4
Q

What is Distress?

A

behavior must be personally distressing before it can be labeled as abnormal

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5
Q

What is Dysfunctional?

A

it interferes with daily functioning

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6
Q

What is Danger?

A

may be dangerous to oneself or others

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7
Q

What are the pros of labeling/diagnosing people?

A

-nomenclature helps is structure information
-promotes research
-direct treatment
-allows for reimbursement

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8
Q

What are the cons of labeling/diagnosing people?

A

-loss of information regarding individual
-stigma associated with diagnosis
-stereotypes based on diagnosis
-labeling can be impact of self concept

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9
Q

What is epidemiology?

A

the study of the distribution of diseases, disorders, or health related behaviors in a given population

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10
Q

What is incidence?

A

the number of new cases in a population over a given period of time

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11
Q

What is prevalence?

A

the number of active cases in a population during any given period of time

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12
Q

How is prevalence expressed?

A

percentages

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13
Q

Case Study Research

A

-a specific individual observed and described in detail
-subject to bias of the author of the case study
-low generalizability
-famous example: little Albert

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14
Q

Control Group

A

doesn’t receive anything

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15
Q

Experimental Group

A

receives something

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16
Q

Correlational Research

A

one must be aware that if two variables are correlated, there are multiple possible reasons for this; correlation does not mean causation

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17
Q

ABAB Research

A

-single case experimental design can also be used to make causal inferences individual cases
-ABAB designs involve alternating baseline condition with treatment condition

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18
Q

What does Diathesis?

A

relatively distal necessary or contributory cause that is not sufficient to cause the disorder

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19
Q

What is stress?

A

the response of an individual to demands perceived as taxing

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20
Q

Resilience

A

the ability to adapt successfully to even very difficult circumstances

21
Q

Protective Factors

A

-influences that modify a person’s response to environmental stressors, making adverse consequences less likely

22
Q

Dopamine

A

control voluntary movements and is associated with reward

23
Q

Serotonin

A

regulates pain, sleep cycle, and digestion; leads to a stable mood

24
Q

Norepinephrine

A

increases the heart rate and blood pressure and regulates mood

25
Q

Cortisol

A

helps the body deal with stress

26
Q

Neural Plasticity

A

-subtle deficiencies of brain function may causes some mental disorders
-it appears that genetic programs for brain development are not as rigid and deterministic as was once believed

27
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

in place to protect us from this pain but considered maladaptive if they are misused and become out primary way of dealing with stress

28
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

linking together two types of stimuli

29
Q

Instrumental Conditioning

A

behavior is modified by the reinforcing effects of the resulting consequence

30
Q

Observational Learning

A

we learn by observing the world around us

31
Q

What are inadequate parenting styles?

A

-they can make children vulnerable to psychopathology
-it can stem from parental psychopathology and parental warmth and control

32
Q

Parental Warmth and Control

A

authoritative parenting tends to produce less problematic behavior in children than authoritarian, permissive/indulgent or neglectful/uninvolved parenting

33
Q

Standardization Testing

A

these are a way to make sure every patient is being test the same way

34
Q

Validity

A

we want to make sure the test measures what it says it measures

35
Q

Types of validity

A

-descriptive: comparing results to the gold standard
-predictive: when a tool accurately predicts what will happen in the future

36
Q

Reliability

A

consistent

37
Q

Types of reliability

A

-interrater: if one professional says one thing and another says another thing, ensuring that two different raters are consistent in their assessment of patients
-test-retest: take the test one day and then take it again a day later, answers should be consistent

38
Q

Positron Emission Tomography

A

used to study the brain’s chemistry. images are produced that yield information about the functioning of the brain

39
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A

provides 3D imagines of the brain or other body structures using magnetic fields and computers

40
Q

Computed Tomography

A

involves taking x-rays of the brain at different angles and is used to diagnose brain damage caused by head injuries or brain tumors

41
Q

Pro for projective assessment

A

-it is helpful for providing supplementary information

42
Q

Cons for projective assessment

A

-it has rarely demonstrated much reliability or validity
-it may be biased against minority ethnic groups

43
Q

Pro for objective assessment

A

-it is cost effective

44
Q

Con for objective assessment

A

-it may be too mechanistic and required to much reading ability and cooperation

45
Q

Naturalistic Observation

A

observing someone/animals in their environment

46
Q

Laboratory Observation

A

observing the organism in a more controlled or artificial setting where the experimenter can use sophisticated equipment and videotape the session to examine later

47
Q

What does MMPI stand for?

A

Minnesota multiphase personality inventory

48
Q

MMPI

A

-consists of more than 500 self statements that can be answered “true”,or “false”, or “cannot say”
-statements describe physical concerns, mood, morale, attitudes toward religion, sex, and social activities, and psychological symptoms

49
Q

Comorbidity

A

the presence of more than one disorder at the same time

abnormal behavior (1 decks)

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