Abnormal EKG Flashcards
Heart rate 100 beats/min that originates with the SA node. Short distance between end of t-wave and start of p-wave
Sinus tachycardia
What can cause Sinus tachycardia?
fever, any sympathetic stimulation including pain, hyper thyroids, hypovolemia, and anemia
What can cause Sinus Bradycardia?
hypothermia, hypothyroidism, increased vagal tone, and marked intracranial hypertension.
Sinus bradycardia is not normal in well conditioned athletes, true or false?
False
A premature beat caused by an ectopic focus in the atria that fires before the SA node has a chance to depolarize is a condition called
Premature atrial contraction (PAC)
Which wave does PAC change?
The P-wave
What can cause premature atrial contractions
Smoking, lack of sleep, too much caffeine and alcoholism
a regular, fast heart rate (120-220 beats/minute) that begins and ends suddenly that can originate from any area above the ventricles
Paroxysmal Superventricular tachycardia
What is the cause of paroxysmal superventricular tachycardia?
may be triggered by a premature beat from an ectopic focus that continues to fire.
An excessively fast heart rate with an atrial rate of up to 300 beats/mnute and a ventricular rate of up to 125 beats/minute because the atria are beating so fast that not every action potential will be conducted through to the ventricle
Atrial Flutter
What usually causes an atrial flutter?
and ectopic focus
What usually causes an atrial flutter?
and ectopic focus
What is it called when there are no P- waves, but the QRS complex is normal?
Atrial fibrillation
What can cause atrial fibrillation?
Ectopic action potentials in the atria
The QRS interval is prolonged and they have an exaggerated voltage, there is no P wave and the T wave is inverted.
Premature Ventricular contraction (PVC)
How can we cause PVC?
lack of sleep, too much caffeine, irritability of the myocardium and can occasionally be seen with coronary thrombosis
condition that consists of many PVC’s one after another that occurs when there is considerable damage to the AV node or ventricles
Ventricular Tachycardia (v-tach)
No coordinated contraction of the ventricles and if not corrected the subject will die within a few minutes. No recognizable waves and no rhythmic contractions. Typically caused by an ectopic focus in the ventricle
Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib)
Prolonged PR interval (longer than 0.2 seconds) every action potential that arrives at the AV node is conducted to the ventricles, but there is a delay in the conduction
First degree block
What is one cause of First degree block?
Inflammation of the AV bundle
When of the P-waves trigger a QRS complex and others don’t with a constant ratio of P-waves to QRS complexes like 2:1 or 3:1
Second degree block
None of the P-waves get through the AV node. The QRS complex becomes completely dissociated from the P-waves. the atria have a rate around 100 beats/minute and the ventricles will have a rate around 40 beats/minute. The ventricles are now paced by the auto rhythmic cells in the AV bundle.
Third degree block
What are some causes of 3rd degree block?
ischemia of the AV fibers or compression of the AV bundle by scar tissue or by calcified portions of the heart
which phase of blood pressure is a loud clear tapping sound is heard that increases with intensity as the cuff deflates. The phase begins just as the pressure cuff drops below the systolic pressure of the subject’s blood
Phase 1
