Abnormal Abdominal Vasculature Flashcards
Abnormal Conditions of the Aorta
_______/_______
Aortic _______
Arterial _______/_______
_______
_______
Para-aortic _______
_______
Arteriosclerosis Atherosclerosis Ectasia Stenosis Occlusion Dissection Aneurysm Hematoma Pseudoaneurysm
Arteriosclerosis
Occurs when the blood vessels that carry O2 and nutrients from the heart to rest of the body (arteries) become _____/_____
May gradually restrict blood flow to _____/_____
Develops with _____, and in _____, _____, ______, and other conditions
Chronic disease in which _______, _______, and loss of _______ of the arterial walls result in impaired blood circulation
can lead to severe health risks brought on by _______
thick stiff organs tissues aging hypertension diabetes hyperlipidemia thickening hardening elasticity atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Most common cause of _______ occlusive disease in the western hemisphere
Primarily a disease of the _______
A process of progressive ______ and ______ of the walls of medium-sized and large arteries as a result of fat deposits on their inner lining.
Early stages- slow thickening of the _______ progressing the atherosclerotic plaque
arterial intima thickening hardening intima
Arterial Stenosis/Occlusion
Stenosis
abnormal narrowing of a vessel by ______ or ______
In the arterial system, refers to plaque build up and reducing the _______ of the vessel and flow through it
Can cause plaque to “_______ off” and travel to other smaller vessels and block smaller vessels
Occlusion
Complete blockage of a vessel by _______ or _______
In the arterial system, refers to plaque build up and completely blocks _______ flow through it
plaque clot diameter flake plaque clot plaque clot blood
Aortic Ectasia
dilation or enlargement of a _______ structure.. i.e. Aorta which normally is _____ cm - _____cm in diameter
aka….. _______ “worn out”
Refers to diffuse, mild enlargement, _____ cm - _____ cm of the aorta
_______ which represents a diffuse dilation of the aorta less than 50% of normal aorta diameter and should be distinguished from Aortic Aneurysm
May mimic an _______
Serious health risks because they can _____ or _____ and cause severe internal bleeding, which can rapidly lead to shock or death
tubular 1.5 2.5 elasticity 2.5 3.0 ectasia aneurysm burst rupture
Aneurysm
an _______ is defined as an abnormal localized dilation of a weakened part of the arterial wall that is more than 50% dilated
Aorta is considered aneurysmal when diameter exceeds _____ cm and often referred to as dilation or aneurysmal
artery is measured from _______ wall to _______ wall
In general, term ANEURYSM is used when the axial diameter is >______ cm for the ascending aorta and >_____ cm for the descending aorta
Over _____ cm will suggest surgery needed to repair aneurysm
Clinical Indications for an US to rule out aneurysm:
_____% - _____% are asymptomatic
______, _______, or _______ pain
Palpable, _______ mass
aneurysm 3.0 outer outer 5.0 4.0 5.0 30 60 abdominal back leg pulsatile
Aneurysm
Description
Generally, aortic aneurysms project _______ and to the _______ of midline
Most are _______ in origin, _______ in nature and commence just inferior to the origin of the renal arteries
_______ artery aneurysms are most commonly associated with aortic aneurysm; usually bilateral and measure >_____-cm in diameter
Popliteal artery aneurysms associated with AAA about ____% of cases; in general, popliteal artery is considered aneurismal when dimension > ____-cm
Aneurysms are rare in patients less than ____ year old; occurrence is a male to female ration 5:1
Surgical mortality for repair of AAA before rupture is about ____%
An increase in aneurysm size up to ____ cm per year is considered acceptable
anteriorly left arteriosclerotic fusiform Iliac 2.0 25 1.0 50 4 0.5
Aortic Aneurysm
Classification of Aortic Aneurysm
(according to Location)
- ______ Aortic Aneurysm (Annuloaortic ectasia)
- Aortic _______ aneurysm
- _______ Aortic aneurysm
- _______ Aortic aneurysm
- _______ aortic aneurysm
Shape of Aneurysm
- _______ type
- _______ type
- _______ aortic aneurysm
ascending arch descending thoracoabdominal abdominal sacuclar fusiform dissecting
Fusiform aneurysm
Characterized by uniform ______ swelling of the walls of an artery
diffuse circumferential dilatation (_____-shaped)
Majority AAA are _____ in nature
tubular
spindle
fusiform
Saccular Aneurysm
Characterized by a focal, _____-like, out-pouching on one side of a vessel that does not involve the entire vessel circumference
Not as common as fusiform and are more often due to _______
Most are _______ (infected)
-due to a bacterial infection
Asymmetric wall _______ is a common feature of these uncommon inflammatory aneurysms
sac
trauma
mycotic
thickening
Saccular Vs. Fusiform
Saccular:
Increased risk of rupture due to _______ pressure in the neck of the aneurysm
A saccular cerebral aneurysm is termed a ______ aneurysm.
This is a critical finding with immediate _____ repair required.
Fusiform:
Most common type of _______
Infrarenal type monitored until surgical intervention required at > _____ cm
increased berry surgical AAA 5.5
Berry Aneurysm
Small saccular aneurysms (_____ - _____ cm) that primarily affect the _____ vessels
Rupture may produce death by hemorrhagic ______
Vast majority of brain aneurysms arise from the parent arteries (or their main branches) forming the circle of _______, and more tend to occur in the anterior (front) part of the brain circulation
Diagnosed on ____ or _____
1.0
1.5
stroke
willis
CT
MRI
Dissecting
Lengthwise separation of the tunica ______ and/or tunica _______ of an arterial wall that creates a false lumen within the media of the vessel wall
Secondary to injury or wall weakening from aorta ______ or aneurysm, etc
Not always _______
Most frequently related to systemic _______
more common in _______ aorta
other causes include - _______, _______, Marfan’s syndrome, congenital bicuspid aortic valve, aortic isthmus coarctation spontaneous dissection of unknown etiology
True VS False Lumen
True lumen will have _______ flow on CD and PW Doppler and brighter colors with CD indicating fast flow
False Lumen will have _______ flow on CD and PW Doppler and darker colors with CD indicating slow flow
intima media catheterization aneurysmal hypertension thoracic trauma pregnancy higher slower
Dissecting Aneurysm
The intimal flap, which is created, can be imaged sonographically as a _____, ______, linear structure pulsating within the lumen of the affected vessel
The two channels may have different _______ rates that can be documented by Doppler
Associated findings can include wall _______, and internal _______ and possible dissection with intimal flap
thin echogenic flow calcification thrombus
Complications of Aneurysms
Rupture - _____ risk with _____ size
Distal ______
Renal and mesenteric artery _______
_______
Para-Aortic _______
-Due to leaking dissection or graft rupture at anastomotic site
increase increase embolization obstruction hydronephrosis hematoma
