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Abiotic disorders > Abiotic > Flashcards

Abiotic Flashcards

1
Q

abiotic disorder

A

plant ailment caused by nonliving environmental, or man-made agents

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2
Q

Abiotic

A

nonliving

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3
Q

acid

A

having a pH less than 7.0

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4
Q

acidity

A

state or quality of being acid

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5
Q

acute

A

disorder or disease that occurs suddenly or over a short period of time.

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6
Q

aerobic

A

process that occurs in the presence of oxygen

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7
Q

alkaline

A

having a pH greater than 7.0

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8
Q

allelochemicals

A

substances produced naturally by plants as part of a defense against pests and other plants may adversely affect the growth and development of other plants

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9
Q

allelopathy

A

the influence, usually detrimental, of one plant on another, by the release of chemical substances.

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10
Q

anaerobic

A

process that occurs in the absence of oxygen

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11
Q

biotic

A

pertaining to living organisms

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12
Q

blotch

A

irregularly shaped necrotic area on leaf, stem, or fruit

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13
Q

chlorosis

A

whitish or yellowish leaf discoloration caused by lack of chlorophyll; often caused by nutrient deficiency

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14
Q

chronic

A

disorder or disease occurring or recurring over a very long period of time, typically multiple growing seasons

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15
Q

compaction

A

closely or firmly packed or joined together

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16
Q

deficiency

A

pertaining to a plant nutrition, lack or insufficient quantity of a required element

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17
Q

deicing salts

A

salt or salt mixtures of various compounds used to melt or prevent the accumulation of ice on roadways and paths

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18
Q

desiccation

A

severe drying out; dehydration

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19
Q

dieback

A

condition in which the branches in a tree die from the tips toward the main stem

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20
Q

disorder

A

abnormal condition that impairs the performance of one or more vital functions; often associated with noninfectious agents or abiotic factors

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21
Q

effluent

A

waste material such as sewage or liquid industrial refuse that is discharged into the environment

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22
Q

fasciation

A

abnormal growth of plants resulting in malformed leaves, stems, flowers, sometimes flattened or fused in appearance

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23
Q

flagging

A

(1) Symptom in which leaves on a branch wilt and may ultimately turn brown without falling from the shoot; (2) growth form of trees growing in strong winds, characterized by the branches growing toward the down wind side

24
Q

frost crack

A

vertical split in the wood of a tree, generally near the base of the bole, caused by internal stresses and low temperatures; does not usually lead to failure

25
Q

girdling root

A

root that encircles all or part of the tree trunk or the tree’s other roots, constricting the vascular tissue and inhibition secondary growth and the movement water and photosynthates

26
Q

hardened off

A

plant tissue that is acclimated to the cold or new environment

27
Q

hardiness

A

genetically determined ability of a plant to survive winter growing conditions; often referring specifically to low temperatures

28
Q

inter veinal tissue

A

leaf tissue between the veins or vascular bundles

29
Q

macronutrient

A

essential element that is required by plants in relatively large quantities, such as nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P), Potassium (K), and Sulfur (S)

30
Q

marginal

A

pertaining to the edge or border of leaves

31
Q

micronutrient

A

essential element that is required by plants in relatively small quantities, such as iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and boron (B)

32
Q

mortality spiral

A

combination of events or conditions that accelerate decline and, if left untreated, may cause the eventual death of a tree; spiral of decline

33
Q

necrosis

A

localized or general death of cells or parts of a living organism

34
Q

necrotic

A

displaying necrosis

35
Q

nutrient

A

substance that provides nourishment essential for the growth and maintenance of life in plants, often used synonymously with essential element

36
Q

nutrient deficiency

A

condition in which the supply or availability of an essential element causes cessation of critical plant processes, resulting in visible, physical symptoms such as chlorotic leaves or necrotic margins, and which, if left untreated, will reduce tree health and may eventually lead to premature death

37
Q

nutrient toxicity

A

condition in which certain essential elements are present in excessive amounts, negatively affecting plant processes

38
Q

phytotoxic

A

term to describe a compound that is poisonous to plants

39
Q

scorch

A

browning and shriveling of foliage, especially at the leaf margin

40
Q

secondary disorder

A

disorder that develops after a plant is stressed by a primary one

41
Q

sign

A

physical evidence of a causal agent (e.g. insect eggs, borer hole, frass, mycelium, fruiting body)

42
Q

spot

A

discrete, localized, and usually small necrotic area of a leaf or needle, stem, flower, or fruit

43
Q

stippling

A

speckled or dotted areas in which chlorophyll is absent in foliage

44
Q

stunting

A

growth reduction of plants or plant parts

45
Q

sunburn

A

injury to bark and cambium caused by a combination of radiant energy from light and insufficient moisture to the plant.

46
Q

sunscald

A

injury to bark tissues on the trunk and branches caused by rapid changes in temperature, especially on warm days and cool nights in winter

47
Q

susceptibility

A

potential for infection and/or injury form exposure to a biotic or an abiotic factor

48
Q

symptom

A

plant reaction to a disease or disorder (e.g wilt, spot, dieback)

49
Q

systemic

A

(1) when referring to a substance; moving through an organism after absorption; (2) when referring to a condition, disease, disorder, or pest; affecting the entire organism

50
Q

toxicity

A

pertaining to plant nutrition, excessive quantities of an element or other chemicals where excessive quantities or wrongly applied concentrations cause damage

51
Q

vascular discoloration

A

darkening of the xylem or phloem of woody plants in response to disease, insect boring, or injury

52
Q

wilt

A

loss of turgor and subsequent drooping of leaves and young stems; a symptom

53
Q

winter burn

A

specific to conifers and broad-leaved evergreens; when soil freezes and moisture cannons be absorbed through the roots and/or transported through the trunk, the foliage dies and becomes brown or reddish brown

54
Q

winter kill

A

injury from cold winter temperatures

55
Q

xerophyte

A

drought-tolerant plants

Abiotic disorders (1 decks)

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