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ABGs > ABGs > Flashcards

ABGs Flashcards

1
Q

What is an acidaemia?

A

Ph less than 7.35

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2
Q

What is acidosis?

A

A process of causing excess acid to be present in the blood/ Acidosis does not necessarily produce acidaemia

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3
Q

What is alkalaemia?

A

pH more than 7.45

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4
Q

What is alkalosis?

A

A process causing excess base to be present in the blood. Alkalosis does not necessarily produce alkalaemia

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5
Q

What change is related to repiratory change?

A

CO2

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6
Q

What change is related to metabolic change?

A

HCO3

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7
Q

Which compensation is rapid?

A

Respiratory

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8
Q

Which compensation is slow?

A

Metabolic

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9
Q

How do you know if it is a primary abnormality?

A

Which ever one matches the pH codes

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10
Q

How do you know their is compensation?

A

Which ever one does not match the pH code is compensating

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11
Q

What would be the ABG picture in COPD?

A

Respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation ie chronic type two resp failure

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12
Q

Give an example of a cause of metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation (rare)

A

Vomiting, sever kypokalaemia

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13
Q

What would sepsis reslut in?

A

Metabolic acidosis with resp compensation (common)

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14
Q

What would chronic hyperventilation

A

Respiratory alkalosis with metabolic compensation (rare)

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15
Q

What is acute type 2 resp failure?

A

Uncompensated repiratory acidosis

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16
Q

What is chronic type 2 resp failure?

A

Compensated resp acidosis

17
Q

What is acute on chronic type 2 resp failure?

A

Decompensated resp acidosis

18
Q

What can cause a high anion gap?

A 
Alcohol
Methanol
Uraemia
DKA (ketones)
Paraquat
Infection
Lactic acid
Ethylene Gylcol
Salicylates
19
Q

What conditions maintain a normal anion gap?

A 
Addisons disease
High output fistulas
RTA 1, II, IV
Acetazolamide therapy
Diarrhoea
20
Q

What is the base excess?

A

The amount of strong acid required to bring the pH back to 7.4, when Co2 has been corrected to 5.3

21
Q

What is the base excess in metabolic alkalosis?

A

More than 2

22
Q

What is the base excess in metabolic acidosis

A

Less than -2

23
Q

What is a pink puffer?

A

Emphysema
Reacts to hypoxemia by hyperventilating and blowing off CO2
CO2 falls, O2 rises a bit

24
Q

What is a blue bloater?

A

Chronic bronchitis
Does not react to hypoxaemia
Becomes cyanotic and PCO2 climbs

ABGs (1 decks)

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