ABG and Gas exchange

Question 1

On average, how much CO2 do we produce

Answer 1

200mL/min

Question 2

What creates CO2 in the body

Answer 2

metabolism of carbs and fats

*combines h20 and h2co3

Question 3

What organ makes bicarb

Answer 3

kidneys

Question 4

Why do kidneys make bicarb

Answer 4

to buffer acids (more alkaloid)

Question 5

For every HCO3 made by the kidneys, how much H+ is eliminated

Answer 5

one

Question 6

What occurs in the body if someone is severely acidodic

Answer 6

hyperkalemia
-decreased CO
-vasodilation
-increased ectopic rhythms
-Right shift

Question 7

What occurs in the body is someone is alkalotic

Answer 7

Decrease of protons pushed into the cell
-causing excitability
-ventricular tachyarrhythmias
-SVT
-Hypokalemia
-Left shift

Question 8

What happens if there is a decrease in protons being pushed into cells

Answer 8

calcium and mag are not pushed out of the cell, so there is a drop in ECF (extra cellular fluid)

Question 9

What is the make up of the buffering system

Answer 9

weak acid
conjugate base

Question 10

What pH is not compatible with life

Answer 10

6.1

Question 11

What is the pH if CO2 and HCO3 are equal

Answer 11

6.1

Question 12

Besides Renal and CO2, what are the other buffering systems

Answer 12

hemoglobin
phosphate
plasma proteins

Question 13

Where is a hemoglobin buffer found

Answer 13

intracellularly

Question 14

When is a hemoglobin buffer preferred

Answer 14

is there is low venous O2

Question 15

What is HHB

Answer 15

deoxyhemoglobin

Question 16

What environment is HHbCO2 formed

Answer 16

acidic environment

Question 17

What is carboxyhemoglobin

Answer 17

carbon monoxide on hemoglobin

Question 18

what is an ionic shift

Answer 18

H+ is exchanged for K+ across cellular membrane

Question 19

What is the hallmark for respiratory acidosis

Answer 19

increase PaCO2

Question 20

What is the hallmark for respiratory alkalosis

Answer 20

decreased PaCO2

Question 21

What characteristics make up metabolic acidosis

Answer 21

pH < 7.4
all systems effected except respiratory

Question 22

What is the hallmark for metabolic alkalosis

Answer 22

increased serum HCO3

Question 23

When is anion gap looked at

Answer 23

in patients for pH disorders

Question 24

What is seen with an anion gap

Answer 24

the difference between cations and anions (ABG and CMP)

Question 25

What may make SaO2 readings inaccurate

Answer 25

anemia poorly adhered probe nail polish carbon monoxide poisoning tachypnea dehydration darker skin color

Question 26

What makes up reserve volumes

Answer 26

inspiratory and expiratory

Question 27

What are the lung volumes

Answer 27

tidal volume reserve volume residual volume

Question 28

What are the different lung capacities

Answer 28

inspiratory capacity expiratory capacity vital capacity total lung capacity functional capacity

Question 29

What are the stretch receptors activated in the lungs

Answer 29

the TV > 800mL

Question 30

What is tidal volume

Answer 30

amount of air that can be inhaled or exhaled in one respiratory cycle includes the volume to fill physiologic dead space

Question 31

What the the equation for minute ventilation

Answer 31

MV = TV x RR

Question 32

What is inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 32

Amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled after tidal volume (amount in deep breath)

Question 33

What is a normal inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 33

1900 - 3300mL

Question 34

What is expiratory reserve volume

Answer 34

amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled beyond tidal volume (amount in full exhale)

Question 35

What is normal expiratory volume

Answer 35

700 - 1200mL

Question 36

What is residual volume

Answer 36

amount of air that remains in the lungs after full exhale

Question 37

What is normal residual volume

Answer 37

1200mL

Question 38

What is the inspiratory capacity

Answer 38

total inspiratory volume inspiration reserve + tidal volume

Question 39

What is the total lung capacity

Answer 39

total volume of air the lungs can accommodate with maximal inspiration

Question 40

What is normal total lung capacity

Answer 40

4-6L

Question 41

What is vital capacity

Answer 41

total volume exhaled after full inhalation

Question 42

What is normal vital capacity volume

Answer 42

4800mL

Question 43

How does tidal volume compare to vital capacity

Answer 43

tidal volume is only 10% of vital capacity

Question 44

What is functional residual capacity

Answer 44

air in the lungs after a typical exhalation (unforced)

Question 45

What are PFTs utilized for

Answer 45

to diagnose restrictive and obstructive pulmonary disorders *completed with spirometer

Question 46

What is a normal FEV1 / FVC ratio

Answer 46

.8

Question 47

What can cause acid - base issues in the body

Answer 47

respiratory acidosis respiratory alkalosis metabolic acidosis metabolic alkalosis