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Acute and emergency > ABG analysis > Flashcards

ABG analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

Which arteries is ABG performed in usually?

A

Radial or sometimes femoral

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1
Q

What kind of line can be used to take repeated ABG’s?

A

ART line

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2
Q

Which type of mask can exactly control FiO2?

A

Venturi

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3
Q

How much % of oxygen does a nasal canula supply?

A

28%

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4
Q

Simple mask % of oxygen?

A

40%

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5
Q

Non rebreathe % of oxygen?

A

95%

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6
Q

What is the PaCO2 and PO2 in type 1 respiratory failure?

A

Low PaO2 but normal PAco2
Due to ventilation/ perfusion mismatch

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7
Q

What could cause low perfusion but normal ventilation?

A

Pulmonary embolism

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8
Q

What could cause Normal perfusion but low ventilation?

A

Bronchoconstriction or Pulmonary oedema

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9
Q

What characterizes Type 2 respiratory failure?

A

Low PaO2 and High PaCO2, due to hypoventilation.

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10
Q

What chest wall issues can cause hypoventilation?

A

obesity
pneumonia
rib fractures.

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11
Q

Which drugs could cause hypoventilation?

A

Opiates

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12
Q

What muscle disorders could cause hypovetilation?

A

GBS
MND

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13
Q

What resp conditions could cause hypoventilation?

A

COPD

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14
Q

What are the key lab values in respiratory acidosis?

A

Low pH, high CO2, high HCO3- (if compensated).

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15
Q

What are the key lab values in respiratory alkalosis?

A

High pH, low CO2.

16
Q

What are some causes of respiratory alkalosis?

A

Hyperventilation disorder: anxiety
Sepsis
Pulmonary embolism (PE)

17
Q

How do the kidneys contribute to compensation in acid-base disorders?

A

Kidneys produce HCO3- to help compensate for respiratory acidosis by mopping up free H+ ions.

18
Q

What does a raised HCO3- indicate?

A

Chronic CO2 retention and compensation for respiratory acidosis.

19
Q

What are some causes of metabolic acidosis?

A

Increase of H+: renal failure, renal tubular failure type 1.
Increased lactate.
Ketoacidosis.
Reduced HCO3-: loss via diarrhea.

20
Q

What are some causes of metabolic alkalosis?

A

Loss of H+: vomiting, kidneys (due to increased aldosterone).
Conditions like Conn’s syndrome, use of thiazide and loop diuretics, liver cirrhosis, heart failure.

Acute and emergency (4 decks)

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