ABG

Question 1

Normal pH level ?

Answer 1

7.35 - 7.45

Question 2

Normal PaCO2

Answer 2

35 - 45

Question 3

HCO3

Answer 3

22 - 26 mmHG

Question 4

PaO2

Answer 4

80 - 100

Question 5

SaO2

Answer 5

95% or greater

Question 6

Respiration is stimulated by ____? And controlled by the amount of ______ in the blood stream ?

Answer 6

Respiration is stimulated by carbon dioxide and controlled by the amount of PCo2 in the blood steam

Question 7

Low in PaCO2 is ________ ?

Answer 7

Hypoxemia

Question 8

What is PaCO2 ?

Answer 8

Pressure exerted by oxygen dissolved in plasma of arterial blood

Question 9

What is SaO2

Answer 9

Percentage of hemoglobin saturated or combined with oxygen

Question 10

What is pCO2 ?

Answer 10

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide ; Buffered by lungs

Question 11

What is HCO3 ?

Answer 11

Buffered by kidneys ; Bicarbonate is the BODY’S BASE

Question 12

High in PaO2 is ________ ?

Answer 12

Hyperoxia

Question 13

Low in PCO2 is ________ ?

Answer 13

Hypocarbia or Hypocapnia

Question 14

High PCO2 is called _________ ?

Answer 14

Hypercarbia or Hypercapnia

Question 15

If less than 7.35 is it acidosis or alkalosis ?

Answer 15

Acidosis

Question 16

If greater than 7.45 there is _____________ ?

Answer 16

Alkalosis

Question 17

How to read ABGs ?

Answer 17

1. Look for pH
2. Look at the PaCO2
3. Look at the HCO3
4. Evaluate the degree of compensation or correction
5. Evaluate the ABG for a mixed acid - base disorder

Question 18

PaCO2 increased with acidosis

Answer 18

Respiratory acidosis

Question 19

PaCO2 is decreased with a decrease in pH

Answer 19

Metabolic acidosis

Question 20

If PaCO2 is decreased with alkalosis

Answer 20

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 21

PaCO2 is increased with alkalosis

Answer 21

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 22

PaCO2 is 35 - 45 with a normal pH

Answer 22

No acid- base disorder or there are two disorders moving the PaCO2 in the opposite directions

Question 23

HCO3 is increased with alkalosis

Answer 23

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 24

HCO3 is decreased with acidosis

Answer 24

Metabolic acidosis

Question 25

Causes of respiratory acidosis ( Retained CO2 due to hypoventilation)

Answer 25

CNS depression caused by narcotics, sedatives, cardiac arrest, drug overdose, atelectasis, pneumothorax, emphysema, pulmonary embolism, ARDS

Question 26

Causes of respiratory alkalosis (excessive CO2 due to hyperventilation)

Answer 26

Anxiety, panic attack, fever, hypoxia, pulmonary disorders, and excess assisted ventilation

Question 27

Causes of metabolic acidosis

Answer 27

DKA, starvation, salicylates ( aspirin ), iron and INH overdose, alcohol intoxication, persistent diarrhea, uremia ( renal failure), sepsis, lactic acidosis, shock, respiratory or cardiac arrest

Question 28

Causes of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 28

Persistent vomiting, gastric suctioning, hypokalemia, excess alkali sodium bicarbonate, carbonated drinks, intestinal fistula, mild diarrhea

Question 29

MNEUMONIC FOR METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

Answer 29

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

Alcohol intoxication

Renal failure

Lactic acidosis

Iron poisoning

No food (starvation)

Generalized seizures

Sepsis

Aspirin (salicylate poisoning)

Rhabdomyolysis

Ethylene glycol (automatic antifreeze and hydraulic brake fluid)

INH (Isoniazid)

Methanol (methyl alcohol and wood alcohol)

Paraldehyde (hypnotic and sedative)

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Question 30

Hypocapnia

Answer 30

REDUCED O2 IN BLOOD

Question 31

HYPERCAPNIA

Answer 31

INCREASED O2 IN THE BLOOD