Abeka Physics Section 14.1 pg.206 - 210

Question 1

Why does the study of heat fall within the realm of physics?

Answer 1

The study of heat falls within the realm of physics because heat is a form of energy.

Question 2

Define internal energy

Answer 2

internal energy - a measure of an object’s molecular kinetic energy and molecular potential energy

Question 3

Define heat

Answer 3

Heat - transfer of internal energy from one object to another

Question 4

Describe how heat moves

Answer 4

Heat always moves spontaneously from a hotter object (more internal energy) to a cooler object (less internal energy); and the greater the difference between the internal energy in the two objects, the more heat is transferred

Question 5

Define thermal energy

Answer 5

thermal energy - kinetic energy of an object’s atoms or molecules

Question 6

Explain how internal and heat are different

Answer 6

Internal and thermal energy are different because thermal energy refers to a body’s molecular energy while heat is the transfer of that energy

Question 7

Define thermometers

Answer 7

thermometers - instruments that scientists use to reliably measure temperature

Question 8

Define thermometry

Answer 8

thermometry - process of measuring temperature

Question 9

Describe thermal equilibrium

Answer 9

> if 2 objects at different temperatures are placed in contact with each other, heat flows from the hotter object to the colder object until eventually they reach the same temperature. The objects are then in thermal equilibrium.

Question 10

Describe triple point

Answer 10

triple point is the temperature of equilibrium for temperature scales

Question 11

Describe the absolute zero

Answer 11

> proposed by William Thomas (who later became Lord Kelvin) proposed that the temperature at which gases should vanish might represent the lowest obtainable temperature and, as such, might be considered absolute zero

Question 12

Describe the absolute scale

Answer 12

> The Kelvin scale of temperature is an absolute; that is, the lowest possible temperature has the value 0 k.
also an equal-interval scale

Question 13

Solve this: A platinum resistance thermometer has a resistance of 90.35 ohms at the triple point of water. What is the temperature in kelvins if the thermometer has a resistance of 97.32 ohms?

Answer 13

Employ equation
T(sub B) = [N(sub B)/ N(sub TP)] x T(sub TP)
and let N represent resistance. Then N(sub TP) is 90.35 and N(sub B) is 97.32 ohms. Substituting these values into equation
T(sub B) = [N(sub B)/N(sub TP)] x (273.16 K)
T(sub B) = [97.32ohms/90.35ohms] x (273.16 K)
T(sub B) = 294.2 K

Question 14

Give the equations for converting Kelvins to Celsius and for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit

Answer 14

> T(sub C)=T(sub K) - 273.15

>T(sub F)=9/5 (T sub C) + 32