Abdominal Wall and Inguinal Region Lab Manual Flashcards
What is Camper’s fascia and where is it located?
- lower 1/3 of anterior abdominal wall
- superficial to Scarpa’s
What is Scarpa’s fascia?
- Deeper membranous layer of the fascia on the anterior abdominal wall in lower 1/3 of abdomin
Why can rupturing the urethra cause fluid buildup in the scrotum?
- Fluid can move freely in the fascia between the abdomin (Scarpa’s) and the scrotum
What are the attachments for Scarpa’s fascia?
- iliac crest, fascia lata, inguinal ligament, ischiopubic ramus, and urogenital diaphragm
What are the openings called where there is communication between Scarpa’s and the scrotal fascia and labial fascia?
- abominoscrotal and abdominolabial
From what plexus are the ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves derived?
L1 ventral ramus of the lumbar plexus
What nerve supplying the abdominal wall is at the level of the xiphiod process?
7th intercostal
What nerve distributes to the abdominal wall at the level of the umbilicus?
10th intercostal
What nerve of the anterior abdominal wall is suprapubic?
iliohypogastric
What nerve give rise to the labial or scrotal nerves?
ilioinguinal
What are the 3 sets of superficial vessels that supply the inferior abdominal wall and where do they come from?
- superficial epigastric
- superficial circumflex iliac
- superficial external pudendal
- Aa. from the Femoral artery
- Vv. from great saphenous
T or F: the three flat muscles of the abdomen have dual insertions.
True, Medially they insert to the linea alba and inferior they insert into structures in the inguinal region
What are the three layers of the abdominal flat muscles form superficial to deep?
- External abdominal oblique (hands in pocket)
- Internal abdominal oblique
- Transversus abdmoninis
T or F: the inferior fibers of the internal abdominal oblique insert on the rectus sheath/linea alba?
False, they arch over and turn inferiorly to attach to the superior border of the pubic crest
What are the inferior fibers of the internal abdominal oblique that arch over to attach to the pubic crest called?
Falx inguinalis
What other fibers besides the inferior fibers of the internal abdominal oblique contribute to the falx inguinalis?
Fibers of the transversus abdominus
Where do most of the nerves and vessels that supply the abdominal wall and muscles pass through?
They pass forward in the fascial plane between the internal abdominal oblique and the transversus muscles
What is located on either side of the linea alba?
The rectus sheath
What vessels can be accessed by cutting through the rectus sheath and rectus femoris?
Superior and inferior epigastric vessels
What is the arcuate line?
where the change from 2 layer on top and bottom on rectus changes to 3 layers on top and 1 thin layer of transversalis fascia on the bottom
What muscle forms the superficial inguinal ring?
external abdominal oblique (divides into medial and lateral crura)
Where is the external spermatic fascia derived from?
external abdominal oblique
T or F: the external abdominal oblique contributes to the entire length of the anterior wall of the inguinal canal.
True
T or F: laterally fibers from the internal abdominal oblique are also part of the anterior wall of the inguinal canal.
True
What is the lacunar ligament?
where the medial fibers of the inguinal ligament flatten horizontally and extend deep
What is the lacunar ligament’s deep attachment?
The pectineal line
What does the lacunar ligament continue upward and laterally as?
pectineal ligament
What part of the inguinal canal does the lacunar ligament contribute to?
- The medial part of the floor
NOTE: floor is mostly inguinal ligament
T or F: the deep inguinal ring is formed by the reflection of the transversus fascia?
FALSE - its the transversalis fascia this is not associated with the muscle
What makes the internal spermatic fascia of the testical?
Transversalis fascia
What vessels are immediately medial to the deep ring?
inferior epigastric artery and vein
T or F: the inferior epigastric artery and vein enter the rectus sheath
True
What part of the inguinal canal is formed by the combined arching fibers of the internal abdominal obique and transversus abdominis?
The roof
- Note: these arch from lateral to medial off of the inguinal ligament to form the conjoint tendon (falx inguinalis)
Where does falx inguinalis/conjoint tendon insert?
Pubic crest
What does the internal abdominal oblique give rise to in the spermatic cord?
cremaster muscle
What structure strengthens the posterior wall of the inguinal ring medially?
falx inguinalis/conjoint tendon
What structure strengthens the posterior wall of the inguinal ring posteriorly?
epigastric vessels
What are the borders of the “weak area?”
Inguinal ligament laterally Inferior epigastric artery superiorly/laterally Falx inguinalis superiorly/medially Roof: Falx inguinalis Floor: Inguinal ligament lacunar ligament medially
Where is the internal spermatic fascia formed and by what?
- transversalis fascia
- deep inguinal ring
Where is the cremaster formed and where?
- internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis in the canal
Where is the external spermatic fascia formed and where?
- external abdominal oblique
- external ring
What is the vascular plexus within the spermatic cord?
pampiniform plexus of veins
What is the thick connective tissue covering the testis?
Tunica albuginea
Where does the ductus deferens begin?
at the epididymus of the testis
What innervates the cremaster muscle and does this nerve travel through the femoral canal?
Genitofemoral, yes is travels through a portion
stab wound in the lower left abdomen below the umbilicus, name the layers that are penetrated from superficial to deep.
- Skin
- Camper’s
- Scarpa’s
- External Abdominal Oblique
- internal abdominal oblique
- Transversus Abdominus
- Transversalis Fascia
- Extraperitoneal Fascia
- Parietal peritoneum
What forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?
Extenal abdominal oblique
Internal abdominal oblique (laterally)
What layers are part of the weak area of the posterior inguinal wall?
Transversalis fascia
Parietal peritoneum
What structures of the abdomen give rise to the dartos muscle and fascia
Camper’s and Scarpa’s
What tissue of the abdomen gives rise to the tunica vaginalis
Peritoneum
From outside the scrotum to the inside of the spermatic cord what are the layers?
- skin
- Dartos and fascia
- External spermatic fascia
- Middle spermatic fascia and cremaster
- Internal Spermatic fascia
- Areolar tissue with localized fat
- Tunica vaginalis
