ABDOMINAL WALL Flashcards
What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
- lateral = medial border of sartorius
- medial = medial border of adductor longus
- base = inguinal ligament
- floor = iliacus, psoas major, pectineus, adductor longus (lateral to medial)
- roof = fascia lata
What are the contents of the femoral triangle?
Lateral to medial = NAVEL
Nerves
- femoral, gentifemoral, pectineus, lateral femoral cutaneous
Artery
- femoral
- 3 superficial branches (sup epigastric, sup circumflex iliac, sup external pudendal)
- 3 deep branches (profunda, deep external pudendal, muscular)
Vein
- femoral
- long saphenous pierces cribiform fascia at fossa ovalis
- same tribuatries as femoral artery (sup branches)
Empty
- femoral canal
- contains deep inguinal nodes
Lymphatics
- superficial
- deep lymphatics (i.e. deep to fascia lata)
- Cloquet’s node
What are the boundaries of the femoral canal?
medial = lacunar ligament
superior = inguinal
inferior = pectineus
lateral = femoral vein
What are the contents of the femoral canal?
- lymphatics (deep)
- Cloquet’s lymph node
What forms the femoral sheath?
Anterior
- transversalis fascia
Posterior
- psoas fascia
What structures are contained within the femoral sheath?
- femoral artery
- femoral vein
- femoral branch of genitofemoral pierces it
- femoral canal
what are the boundaries of the inguinal canal?
Boundaries
roof
- Internal oblique
- Transversus abdominis
floor
- Inguinal ligament
Anterior
- External oblique
- Internal oblique (laterally)
Posterior
- Transversalis fascia
- Conjoint tendon
what are the contents of the inguinal canal?
3 layers
- external spermatic fascia
- Cremaster
- Internal spermatic fasica
3 arteries
- Testicular = From aorta L1
- Artery of vas = from Superior / inferio vesical
- Cremasteric artery from Inferior epigastric
3 nerves
- ilioinguinal L1
- genitofemoral L1/2
- Sympathetics
3 others
- Vas
- Lymphatics
- Processus vaginalis
Also pampinifrom plexus
What are each layers of spermatic fascia derived from?
- external spermatic fascia = external oblique aponeurosis
- cremasteric fascia = internal oblique
- internal spermatic fascia = transversalis
What is the iliopubic tract?
- thickening of the fascia transversalis
- extending from the iliopectineal arch to the pubic ramus.
- It curves around the medial surface of the femoral sheath to attach to the pectin eal ligament.
What is the transplyoric plane?
- located halfway between the jugular notch and the pubic symphysis
- is named as it passes through the pylorus of the stomach.
What structures pass through at the transplyoric plane?
- L1 vertebrae (and pylorus of the stomach)
- first part of duodenum
- DJ flexure
- fundus of gallbladder
- neck of pancreas
- origin of SMA and PV
- hilum of kidneys
- L1 vertebrae
- tips of 9th costal cartilage
Where does the transtubercular plane run?
- L5
- The transtubercular plane is a plane uniting the two tubercles of the iliac crests.
what important structures lie on the transtubercular plane?
- It marks the start of the inferior vena cava at the confluence of the common iliac veins
- a surface marking for which is 2.5 cm to the right of midline.
Where does the accessory obturator artery come from and how frequently does it occur?
- Comes from inferior epigastric (external iliac) and occurs between 30-50%
- Inferior epigastric artery gives a pubic branch, which sometimes takes place of obturator artery (replaced obturator artery)
- In other cases the pubic branch of inferior epigastric artery joins the obturator artery, and is then called as the accessory obturator artery.
- Accessory obturator artery sometimes lies over the lacunar ligament (medial boundary of femoral ring)
