Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Exam Review For Abdomen And Obstetrics > Abdominal Sonography Review > Flashcards

Abdominal Sonography Review Flashcards

1
Q

What artifact is shown occurs when a sound beam hits a structure in a non- perpendicular manner resulting in a loss of echogenicity?

A

Anisotrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What artifact is caused by many small highly reflective interfaces?

A

Comet tail, often seen in the gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What artifact is may be seen emanating from the bowel or posterior to gas?

A

Dirty shadowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What artifact is seen arising from cystic structures and appear as narrow shadows originating from the edges?

A

Edge shadowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name an artifact that produces a strong speculative reflector and results as a copy deeper than the anatomy? It can also be seen in Doppler.

A

Mirror image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What artifact is often seen posterior to fluid filled structures such as cysts, pleural effusions and acites?

A

Posterior enhancement

Acoustic enhancement

Through transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What artifact is seen during the bending of an ultrasound beam when it passes an interface with dissimilar aspects of sound and are non perpendicular?

A

Refraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What artifact is seen as an echogenic region in the anterior aspect of a gallbladder or other fluid filled structures?

A

Reverberation artifact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of artifact appears as a solid streak or chain of parallel bands coming away from a structure?

A

Ring down artifact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What artifact is seen posterior to bone, calculus, gallstones and renal stones?

A

Shadowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are low level echoes within fluid, mimicking sludge, debris or pus within a fluid filled structure?

A

Side lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What artifact may create false echoes in the urinary bladder?

A

Slice thickness artifact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What adjustments can be made when there is an absent Doppler signal?

A

Decrease PRF
Decrease wall filter
Increase spectral gain
Open sample gate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What adjustments can be made when aliasing occurs?

A

Increase the PRF
Increase angle of insonation
Adjust baseline
Switch to a lower transducer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How can Doppler noise be fixed?

A

Reduce color gain settings or adjust wall filter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What artifact occurs behind strong granular and irregular surfaces like crystals, calculi, or calcifications?

A

Twinkle artifact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What disease may result as an decrease in the lab value Alkaline phosphatase?

A

Wilson’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism uses what lab value to determine it?

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone (up,hypo)
Thyroxine (T4) (up,hyper)
Triiodothyronine (T3) (up,hyper)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A patient with chloecystitis most likely has an elevation in what lab?

A

WBC count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What lab value would be most helpful in evaluating a patient that has has recent trauma?

A

Hematocrit

Low values can indicate a hemmorhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What would indicate renal disease if elevated?

A

Creatinine
BUN

22
Q

An increase in calcitonin could indicate?

A

Anemia, lung cancer, thyroid cancer

23
Q

What is the most common hospital acquired infection?

A

Urinary tract infection

24
Q

What is the criteria for a simple cyst?

A

STAR
Smooth walls, through transmission, anechoic, round in shape

25
Q

What characteristics may indicate a cyst to be complex?

A

Mural nodules
Internal debris
Fluid fluid level
Septations

26
Q

Which organ has an endocrine and exocrine function?

A

Pancreas

27
Q

What is the function of exocrine organs?

A

To secrete hormones or juices through ducts

Breast, pancreas, salivary glands, liver

28
Q

What is the function of endocrine glands?

A

Secretion of hormones into the blood to control many different body functions.

Adrenal glands
Liver
Pineal gland
Pituitary gland
Pancreas
Ovaries/ testicles
Thyroid

29
Q

List the intraperitoneal organs.

A

Gallbladder
Liver
Ovaries
Spleen
Stomach
Appendix
Transverse colon
First part of duodenum
Jejunum
Oleum
Sigmoid colon

30
Q

List the retroperitoneal organs.

A

Abdominal lymph nodes
Adrenal glands
Aorta
Ascending and descending colon
Most of the duodenum
IVC
Kidneys
Pancreas
Prostate gland
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Uterus

31
Q

A collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity often associated with cancer is termed?

A

Exudate ascites

32
Q

What is another name for Morison’s pouch?

A

Posterior right subhepatic space

33
Q

What is the space located between the pancreas and the stomach?

A

Lesser sac
Omental bursa

34
Q

These potential spaces extend alongside the ascending and descending colon on both sides of the abdomen.

A

Paracolic gutters

35
Q

What is another name for the space of Retzius?

A

Retropubic space

36
Q

What pathology would most likely be associated with ascites?

A

Cirrhosis

37
Q

The phenochromocytoma is a benign mass commonly located in the

A

Adrenal gland

38
Q

This common tumor of the kidney consists of blood vessels, muscles and fat

A

Angiomyolipoma

39
Q

A tumor that consists of a group of inflammatory cells best describes the:

A

Granuloma

40
Q

A tumor that consists of a focal collection of blood best describes the:

A

Hematoma

41
Q

The insulinoma is a

A

Benign pancreatic tumor

42
Q

The malignant testicular tumor that consists of trophoblastic cells is the

A

Yolk sac tumor

43
Q

Transitional cell carcinoma is commonly found in the

A

Bladder, ureter and kidney

44
Q

The hypernephroma may also be referred to as:

A

Renal cell carcinoma

45
Q

The term cholangiocarcinoma denotes

A

Bile duct carcinoma

46
Q

The neuroblastoma is a malignant pediatric mass commonly found in the

A

Adrenal gland

47
Q

The hepatoblastoma is a

A

Malignant tumor of the pediatric liver

48
Q

What is another name for Wilm’s tumor?

A

Nephroblastoma

(In kidney)

49
Q

What is the tumor marker that may be used in suspected testicular malignancy?

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG)

50
Q

What is a rare genetic disorder characterized by cysts and tumors in various organs?

A

Von Hippel- Lindau disease

51
Q

What is the normal echogenicity of abdominal organs? (Bright>dark)

A

Renal sinus, pancreas, spleen, liver, renal cortex, renal pyramids, gallbladder

Exam Review For Abdomen And Obstetrics (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions