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Ultrasound Flash Cards > Abdominal / Small Parts > Flashcards

Abdominal / Small Parts Flashcards

1
Q

A single large well-defined mass with smooth walls and homogenous low level echos is seen within the anterior right lobe of the liver in a 48-year-old female no Doppler signals could be obtained within the mass, which of the following conditions is the most likely etiology of this mass
A) focal nodular hyperplasia
B) hemorrhagic cyst
C) portal vein aneurysm
D) hepatocelluar carcinoma

A

B) hemorrhagic cyst

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2
Q

You are scanning a patient with a known mass in the left medial segment of the liver. What anatomic landmark can you use to identify the left medial segment separate from the right anterior segment of the liver
A left portal
B) ligamentum teres
C) ligamentum venosum
D) middle hepatic vein

A

D) middle hepatic vein

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3
Q

You suspect enlargement of the caudate lobe in a patient with liver disease what structure located at the anterior border of the cottage lobe will help you to identify this lobe of the liver
A) left portal vein
B) fissure for the ligamentum venosum
C) inferior vena cava
D) fissure for the ligamentum teres

A

B) fissure for the ligamentum venosum

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4
Q

Which vessel courses within the main low bar fisher
A) main portal vein
B) left portal vein
C) middle hepatic vein
D) right hepatic vein

A

C) middle hepatic vein

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5
Q

Oxygenated blood is supplied to the liver via the
A) portal vein and hepatic
B) hepatic vein and hepatic artery
C) hepatic vein and portal vein
D) portal vein and hepatic artery

A

D) portal vein and hepatic artery

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6
Q

What ligament divides the left lobe of the liver into medial and lateral segments
A) ligamentum
B) hepatoduodenal ligament
C) main lobar fissure
D) ligamentum teres

A

D) ligamentum teres

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7
Q

You are asked to perform a Doppler study on the hepatic veins in the liver what differentiates the hepatic veins from the portal veins
A) the hepatic veins converge towards the porta hepatis
B) the hepatic veins have brightly echogenic walls
C) the portal veins are largest near the dome of the liver
D) the portal veins are accompanied by branches of the biliary tree and hepatic artery

A

D) the portal veins are accompanied by branches of the biliary tree and hepatic artery

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8
Q

You have detected a mass anterior into the left of ligamentum venosum. This mass is located in what lobe of the liver.
A) left lobe
B) caudate lobe
C) Riedel’s lobe
D) right lobe

A

A) left lobe

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9
Q

Which of the following course interlobar and intersegmental within the liver
A) bile ducts
B) portal veins
C) hepatic veins
D) lymphatics 

A

C) hepatic veins

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10
Q

A patient is referred for a liver ultrasound with the clinical history of a raised serum, alpha-fetoprotein level. What should you look for?
A) focal nodular hyperplasia
B) fatty liver
C) hepatocellular carcinoma
D) hydatid disease

A

C) hepatocellular carcinoma

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11
Q

You are scanning a patient with suspected liver cirrhosis. All of the following are sonographic features of cirrhosis, except.
A) surface nodularity
B) shrunken caudate lobe
C) altered echo texture
D) asites

A

B) shrunken caudate lobe

In liver cirrhosis, the caudate lobe is most commonly enlarged compared to the right lobe due to sparing

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12
Q

A patient is referred to rule out hepatomegaly all of the following are useful indicators of hepatomegaly, except
A) rounding of the inferior border of the liver
B) longitudinal measurement of the right lobe exceeding 15.5 cm
C) extension of the right lobe inferior to the lower pole of the right kidney
D) diameter of the main portal vein greater than 1 cm

A

D) diameter of the main portal vein greater than 1 cm

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13
Q

Which of the following is not a feature of hepatic cysts?
A) thin wall
B) posterior acoustic enhancement
C) anechoic
D) increased attenuation

A

D) increased attenuation

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14
Q

You are scanning a patient with a history of fever abnormal, liver function, test, and right upper quadrant tenderness the liver is enlarged with decreased echogenicity. The gallbladder wall is thickened, and thin, echogenic bands are noted surrounding the portal veins which of the following conditions is most likely.
A) fatty liver
B) cirrhosis
C) hepatitis
D) normal liver

A

C) hepatitis

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15
Q

You are a evaluating a suspicious lesion to look for gas bubbles to confirm the presence of liver abscess in a patient with fever and increased white blood cell count. What is the sonographic appearance of the gas bubbles?
A) brightly echogenic echos with clean distal acoustic shadow
B) brightly echogenic associated with echogenic ring down artifact
C) hypoechoic areas within the mass associated with increased through transmission
D) anechoic foci with distal acoustic enhancement

A

B) brightly echogenic associated with echogenic ring down artifact

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16
Q

Which of the following is associated with infestation by a parasite and is most prevalent in sheep and cattle raising countries?
A) budd-chiari syndrome
B) hydatid disease
C) candidiasis
D) hepatitis A

A

B) hydatid disease

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17
Q

You are scanning through the liver and notice luminal narrowing of the hepatic veins colour and spectral. Doppler reveal high velocity through the structures. These findings are most commonly associated with which of the following.
A) diffuse fatty liver
B) acute hepatitis
C) cirrhosis
D) focal fatty infiltration

A

C) cirrhosis

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18
Q

Which of the following is most commonly associated with invasion of the portal vain
A) Hepatocellular carcinoma
B) Caverness haemangioma
C) liver metastases
D) hepatic adenoma

A

A) hepatocellular carcinoma

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19
Q

You have been asked to perform a liver sonogram on a patient with aids, which of the following tumours is most commonly associated with this history
A) hepatocellular carcinoma
B) kaposi’s sarcoma
C) hemangiosarcoma
D) hepatic adenoma

A

B) Kaposi’s sarcoma

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20
Q

You are performing an ultrasound on a patient with a trans jugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt what two vessels are connected with the TIPS stent
A) portal vein and hepatic artery
B) portal vein and hepatic vein
C) portal vein and inferior vena cava
D) hepatic artery and hepatic vein

A

B) portal and hepatic vein

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21
Q

What three structures form the portal triad
A) portal vein, bile duct hepatic artery
B) portal vein, bile duct hepatic vein
C) bile duct hepatic vein hepatic artery
D) hepatic vein hepatic artery portal vein

A

A) portal vein, bile duct artery

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22
Q

The ligamentum venosum forms the anterior border of what lobe of the liver
A) left lobe
B) right lobe
C) caudate lobe
D) Riedel’s

A

C) caudate lobe

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23
Q

Regenerating nodules are a feature associated with
A) hepatitis
B) hepatocellular carcinoma
C) Cirrhosis
D) hydatid disease

A

C) cirrhosis

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24
Q

You are scanning a patient with portal hypertension enlargement of which of the following structures is is diagnostic of this condition
A) coronary vein
B) hepatic vein
C) renal vein
D) common bile duct

A

A) coronary vein

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25
Q

Which of the following describes Is The Best view for ultrasound demonstration of the coronary vein
A) a transverse scan under the right lobe of the liver
B) an oblique subcostal scan under the right lobe of the liver with the probe orientated toward the patient’s head
C) a sagittal view of the splenic vein near the midline
D) sagittal view through the splenic

A

C) a sagittal view of the splenic vein near the midline

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26
Q

You are having difficulty locating the gallbladder in a patient with right upper quadrant pain what anatomic landmark will help you identify the gallbladder fossa
A) ligamentum Venosum
B) interlobar hepatic fissure
C) falciform ligament
D) coronary ligament

A

B) interlobar hepatic fissure

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27
Q

Which of the following best describes the location of the distal common bile duct
A) anterior and superior to the pancreatic tail
B) medial and caudal to the pancreatic neck
C) posterior and slightly lateral to the pancreatic head
D) inferior and medial to the pancreatic neck

A

C) posterior and slightly lateral to the pancreatic head

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28
Q

Identification of what anatomic structure would most help a sonographer locate a contracted gallbladder
A) ligamentum teres
B) main lobar fissure
C) right hepatic vein
D) ligamentum venosum

A

B) main lobar fissure

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29
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of tumefactive sludge within the gallbladder
A) an echogenic mass with prominent coloured Doppler signals
B) a mass with low level echos with prominent colour Doppler signals
C) mass containing ring down artifact and no colour Doppler signals
D) an a vascular mass with low level echos

A

D) an vascular mass with low level echos

30
Q

Which of the following is not a sign of acalculous cholecystitis
A) gallbladder wall thickening
B) sonographic Murphy sign
C) cholelithiasis
D) gallbladder wall edema

A

C) cholelithiasis

31
Q

Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses are associated with which of the following conditions
A) gallbladder carcinoma
B) adenmyomatosis
C) gallbladder perforation
D) tumefactive sludge

A

B) adenmyomatosis

32
Q

The best way to identify the intrahepatic biliary system is to image which structures below
A) hepatic veins
B) all fissures and ligaments within the liver parenchyma
C) intrahepatic lymphatics
D) in hepatic portal veins

A

D) intrahepatic portal veins

33
Q

During ultrasound evaluation of the gallbladder system, you noticed thickening of the bile duct walls. This finding may be related to which of the following.
A) sclerosing
B) pancreatitis
C) choledocholithiasis
D) cholangiocarcinoma

A

All of the above

34
Q

Cystic dilation of the common bile duct is known as a
A) klatskin cyst
B) choledocal cyst
C) Mirizzi cyst
D) cyst of odi

A

B) choledocal cyst

35
Q

You are attempting to locate the common hepatic duct at the porta hepatis. What is the most common anatomic relationship of the portal triad at this location?
A) the common doctor is posterior to the hepatic artery and anterior to the portal vein
B) the common duct is anterior to the hepatic artery and posterior to the portal vein
C) the common duct is anterior to the hepatic artery and portal vein
D) the common duct is posterior to the hepatic artery and portal vein

A

C) the common doctor anterior to the hepatic artery and portal vein

36
Q

Your department protocol requires you to measure the main pancreatic duct whenever it is visible by ultrasound, what is the name of the duct you were measuring?
A) duct of Santorini
B) cystic duct
C) duct of vater
D) duct of Wirsung

A

D) duct of Wirsung

37
Q

The accessory pancreatic duct which is sometimes visible sonographically is known as
A) Duct of Santorini
B) cystic duct
C) duct of Oddi
D) duct of Wirsung

A

A) duct of Santorini

38
Q

What is the anatomic relationship of the common bile duct to the pancreas?
A) the CBD is posterior to the head of the pancreas
B) the CBD is anterior to the head of the pancreas
C) the CBD is medial to the head of the pancreas
D) the CBD is superior to the head of the pancreas

A

A) the CBD is posterior to the head of the pancreas

39
Q

You are reviewing a CT report on a patient referred for abdominal sonography. The report states that the pancreatic divisum is present What does this mean?
A) the pancreas is split into two pieces on each side of the abdomen
B) the pancreas head is separate from the body and tail
C) the pancreatic duct is duplicated
D) the two pancreatic ducts have not fused

A

D) the two pancreatic ducts have not fused

40
Q

What structure can you use to identify the anterior aspect of the head of the pancreas?
A) common bile duct
B) common hepatic artery
C) gastroduodenal artery
D) splenic vein

A

C) gastroduodenal artery

41
Q

What structure can you use to identify the posterior aspect of the head of the pancreas?
A) common bile duct
B) common hepatic artery
C) gastroduodenal artery
D) splenic vein

A

A) common bile duct

42
Q

Which structure can be seen coursing transversely at the level of the upper pancreatic head
A) common bile duct
B) common hepatic artery
C) gastroduodenal artery
D) splenic vein

A

C) gastroduodenal artery

43
Q

You were performing an ultrasound exam on a patient with a history of repeated bouts of pancreatitis. What would you most likely use colour Doppler for in the study?
A) evaluate for increased flow in the tissue
B) improve detect ability of possible pseudo aneurisms
C) look for flow direction in the superior mesentric artery
D) assess the quality of flow in the abdominal aorta

A

B) improve detect ability of possible pseudo aneurism


44
Q

What is the most common ultrasound appearance of pancreatic adenocarcinoma?
A) hyperechoic mass
B) hypoechoic mass
C) cystic mass
D) calcified mass

A

B) hypoechoic mass

45
Q

A non-encapsulated collection of necrotic and edematous peripancreatic tissues is termed
A) Phlegmon
B) pseudocyst
C) pseudoaneurysm
D) ascities

A

A) phlegmon

46
Q

What is the relationship of the superior mesenteric artery to the pancreas?
A) posterior to the tail
B) posterior to the neck
C) superior to the body
D) lateral to the tail

A

B) posterior to the neck

47
Q

Which part of the pancreas does the duodenum encircle?
A) head
B) body
C) tail
D) neck

A

A) head

48
Q

Which vessel is located at the superior border of the pancreas?
A) superior mesenteric artery
B) celiac trunk
C) inferior mesenteric artery
D) left renal vein

A

B) celiac trunk

49
Q

When imaging the pancreas, which vessel do you routinely visualize at the posterior border of the pancreatic head?
A) abdominal aorta
B) right renal artery
C) SMA
D) inferior vena cava

A

D) inferior vena cava

50
Q

During intonation of the pancreas you routinely image of vessel coursing anterior to the uncinate process what is this vessel?
A) inferior mesenteric vein
B) superior mesenteric vein
C) gastroduodenal artery
D) splenic artery

A

B) superior mesenteric vein

51
Q

You have obtained a sagittal image of the pancreatic head and detect a small tubular structure coursing cephalocaudad anterior to the pancreas what is the structure?
A) CBD
B) common hepatic artery
C) gastroduodenal artery
D) left gastric artery

A

C) gastrodudenal artery

52
Q

Which part of the pancreas generally has the largest dimensions
A) head
B) neck
C) body
D) tail

A

A) head

53
Q

During renal ultrasound, you notice a 1.5 cm thickening of the left lateral renal cortex this most likely represents
A) column of Bertin
B) angiomyolipoma
C) Dromedary hump
D) medullary pyramid

A

C) Dromedary hump

54
Q

Which part of the kidney contains fat, calyces, infundibuli, of the collecting system and vessels
A) medulla
B) cortex
C) sinuses
D) Pyramid

A

C) sinus

55
Q

What is the ultrasound appearance of a uteropelvic junction obstruction?
A) dilated Uter and collecting system to the level of the urinary bladder
B) pelvicaliectasis to the level of the junction of the renal pelvis and ureter
C) dilated ureter with normal intrarenal collecting system
D) pelvicaliectasis to the level of the distal ureter

A

B) pelviciectasis to the level of the junction of the renal pelvis and ureter

56
Q

Which of the following describes the normal course of the right renal artery?
A) retro aortic
B) between the SA and the aorta
C) posterior to the IVC
D) anterior to the SMA and IVC

A

C) posterior to the IVC

57
Q

You are scanning a patient with a history of renal infections you suspect thinning of the renal cortex. What is the normal diameter of the renal cortex?
A) < 3 mm
B) 3-6 mm
C) 6-9mm
D) > 10 mm

A

D) > 10 mm

58
Q

You are scanning a patient with suspected lymphoma of the kidney which ultrasound appearance is associated with renal lymphoma
A) small echogenic, kidneys with hyper dense pyramids
B) cystic masses of various sizes throughout both kidneys
C) multiple bilateral hypo echoic masses in enlarged kidneys
D) single large hyper echoic mass

A

C) multiple bilateral hypo echoic masses in enlarged kidneys

59
Q

What arteries course on top of the renal pyramids and give rise to the tiny intralobar arteries
A) segmental
B) interlobar
C) arcuate
D) capsular

A

C) arcuate

60
Q

You detect the presence of free fluid in the space between the liver and right kidney. What is the name for this anatomic location?
A) pouch of Douglas
B) Morrison’s pouch
C) cul de sac
D) space of disse

A

B) Morrisons pouch

61
Q

You were scanning a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, which of the following statements is not true regarding this disease
A) liver may be present in up to 30% of patients
B) high blood pressure is common
C) cyst may be complicated by bleeding or infection
D) frequently only one kidney is involved

A

D) frequently only one kidney is involved

62
Q

Which of the following is usually diagnosed in early childhood or in utero?
A) autosomal, dominant, polycystic kidney disease
B) multi cystic, dysplastic kidney
C) acquired, cystic kidney disease
D) parapelvic

A

B) multi cystic, dysplastic kidney

63
Q

You were having difficulty identifying the renal arteries and a patient referred for questionable renal artery stenosis, which vessel below is most helpful as a landmark for the location of the renal arteries
A) celiac trunk
B) SMA
C) Vein
D) IMA

A

B) SMA

64
Q

What Doppler parameter should you measure to look for a rejection in a renal transplant
A) pulsatility index
B) resistive index
C) renal to aortic ratio
D) systolic diastolic ratio

A

B) resistive index

65
Q

The mediastinum testis is identified sonographically as
A) hypoechoic structure coursing through the midline of the testis
B) pyramid shaped structure adjacent to the upper pole of the testis
C) prominent echogenic linear echo in the midline of the testis
D) homogenous over void structure adjacent to the lower pole of the testis

A

C) prominent echogenic linear echo in the midline of the testis

66
Q

The intra-testicular arteries that arise from the capsular artery are known as
A) differential arteries
B) cremasteric arteries
C) vas deference
D) centripetal arteries

A

D) centripetal arteries

67
Q

You have identified a Hydrocele during a scrotal ultrasound Hydrocele form in what potential space
A) between the 2 layers of the tunica vaginalis
B) between tunica albuginea and tunica vaginalis
C) between the 2 layers of the tunica albuginea
D) between tunica albuginea and the testis

A

B) between the tunica albuginea and the tunica vaginalis

68
Q

Which of the following arteries courses within the testicular parenchyma
A) testicular artery
B) deferential artery
C) cremasteric artery
D) centripetal artery

A

D) centripetal artery

69
Q

What vessels form the portal vein?
A) inferior mesenteric vein and hepatic vein
B) superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein
C) superior mesenteric vein and inferior mesenteric vein
D) hepatic vein and hepatic artery

A

B) superior mesenteric vein & splenic

70
Q

Which of the following arteries are branches of the celiac trunk?
A) splenic left gastric and common hepatic
B) hepatic, right gastric and proper hepatic
C) left gastric, common hepatic, and proper hepatic
D) left portal vein, left hepatic artery, ligamentum teres

A

A) splenic, left gastric, common hepatic

Ultrasound Flash Cards (3 decks)

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