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Diagnostic methods > Abdominal Radiology > Flashcards

Abdominal Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

what should be the upper and lower limits of an abdominal film?

A

upper: diaphragm
lower: brim of pelvis

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2
Q

what is scary about the pancreas?

A

it can eat itself & other organs

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3
Q

which modes of imaging are better for liver studies?

A

CT/MRI because its so dense

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4
Q

what are the boundaries for deciding where you want an image in the abdomen?

A
  • superior: diaphragm
  • posterior: deep muscles of back
  • lateral: abdominal muscles
  • inferior: pelvic floor muscles
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5
Q

what are the 9 quadrants of abdominal anatomy?

A
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6
Q

what are the 4 quadrants of abdominal anatomy?

A

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ

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7
Q

How does autodigestion of the pancreas affect other organs?

A

When bile starts backing up into pancreatic duct pancreas doesn’t like this and starts autodigestion. When it autodigests it spills out and digests everything else

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8
Q

what is dangerous about bile issues?

A

bile backs up into pancreas and sets off evil spirits (auto digestion)

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9
Q

which structures are retroperitoneal?

A
  • pancreas
    • Head, neck, body–> (everything except tail)
  • duodenum (distal 3/4 aka 2nd, 3rd, 4th part of duodenum)
  • ascending & descending colon
  • rectum
  • kidney, ureters(also intraperitoneal), adrenal gland
  • abdominal aorta
  • Inferior vena cava (IVC)

EVERYTHING ELSE IN ABDOMINAL CAVITY IS INTRAPERITONEAL

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10
Q

Pain from a kidney stone would start where and travel to?

A

Start in back and travel to lower abdomen due to ureter being (both)

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11
Q

Crampy pain means?

A

probelm with hollow viscus ex: bladder, bowl, colon

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12
Q

Sharp/Stabby pain means?

A

problem with solid viscus

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13
Q

what are the 4 most common views for abdominal films?

A
  • supine
  • standing
    • gravity pulls liquid down and air up= air fluid levels
  • cross-table lateral
    • Ex: kidney stone vs. gall stone
  • decubitus (angle)
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14
Q

what are the 3 characteristics of an adequate abdominal XR (KUB)?

A
  • Include at least the diaphragm to the top of the symphysis pubis
  • spinal owl visible
  • see SI joints (sacral-iliac)
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15
Q

Things to think about in RUQ?

A
  • Appendix- can be in any quadrant?
  • Liver
  • Pancreas
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16
Q

Things to think about in RLQ?

A
  • Appendix
  • Ovary/testis
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17
Q

Testicle pain in back is known as ?

A

Referred pain

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18
Q

Things to think about in LUQ

A
  • Appendix
  • Liver
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19
Q

Things to think about LLQ?

A

Ovary/testis

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20
Q

If you don’t see the psoas muscle that usually means there is?

A

Free fluid or air covering it

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21
Q

what mucosal folds can you see in small vs large bowel?

A

small: valvulae conniventes
large: haustra

22
Q

when is it ok to have gas in the small bowel?

A

never

23
Q

Are air/ fluid leves a good thing?

A
  • No
  • X-rays of the abdomen are important in diagnosing the presence of small bowel obstruction. When obstruction occurs, both fluidand gas collect in the intestine. They produce a characteristic pattern called “air-fluid levels”. The air rises above the fluid and there is a flat surface at the “air-fluid” interface
24
Q

what does the string of pearl sign indicate?

A

Mechanical obstruction -large bowel obstruction

25
Q

If a patient has passed gas lately it usually means its not?

A

small bowel obstruction

26
Q

You would automatically assume bowel obstruction if there is ?

A

small and large bowel gas

27
Q

what is the coffee bean sign? what does it mean

A

volvulus - colon begins to twist on itself

28
Q

is free air in the abdomen ok? What does it usually mean?

A

never. intervene immediately
- Usually means there is a hole somewhere it shouldnt be

29
Q

can you see the psoas with ascites?

A

no psosas shadow- biggest clue

-pt might have liver disease

30
Q

Can you diagnose hepatomegaly on an X-ray?

A

no- but it usually looks like liver kissing ilium

31
Q

what is a common abdominal mass in children?

A

Wilm’s

32
Q

what indicates AAA on xray?

A

>5cm aortic bulge

(shouldnt be greater than 3cm)

33
Q

Aorta is part intra and retro but where would the pain most likely be?

A

retro

34
Q

Why are gallstones so dangerous?

A
  • Prevents bile from leaving
  • gall bladder gets stronger and over comes blockage
  • pushes stone out into common duct
  • stone can go into pancreatic duct and kick start auto digestion
35
Q

Calcified Uternine Masses occurs when?

A

body has mass it cant get rid of

36
Q

Phleboliths

A

stones in veins- very common

37
Q

Fecoliths

A

poop stones – can find them in appendix

38
Q

what are 2 indications of previous surgery on xray?

A

staples/clips
hernia (bowel in innapropriate places)

39
Q

constipation has a what type of appearance?

A

ground glass appearance

40
Q

what is the appearance of a severely dilated air-filled small bowel?

A

coiled spring (slinkey)

41
Q

what is an early sign of small bowel obstruction on xray?

A

sentinel loop (gas build up)

  • localized dilated bowel ( a lot of times in the ilelus)
    • If its in the upper quandrant it might be pancreatitis
    • Lower quandrant could be appendcitis
42
Q

what does bird’s beak sign indicate?

A

achalasia

43
Q

what does a string sign indicate?

A

crohns

44
Q

what is an intravenous pyleogram?

A

inject dye and follow it through to kidney- if there is a kidney stone then dye can’t get through

45
Q

what is a common cause of nephrocalcinosis ?

A

hyperparathyroid

  • Nephrocalcinosis is a disorder in which there is too much calcium deposited in the kidneys. … In this disorder, calcium deposits in the kidney tissue itself. … Nephrocalcinosis is related to, but not the same as, kidney stones (nephrolithiasis).
46
Q

If a patient has diffuse abdominal pain you should think?

A

small bowel obstruction

47
Q

What is the hallmark sign of crohns? Where does it occur?

A

skip lesions-can occur anywhere

48
Q

Coin on chest x-ray, what type of view do you need to see if it is on the inside?

A

lateral view

49
Q

Diverticulosis is basically ?

Where does it occur?

A

Chronic constipation

large instestine only

50
Q

RLQ pain can come from

A

can come from head of femur

51
Q

sigmoid volvulus can be caused by?

A

colon cancer adhesions from surgery

Diagnostic methods (11 decks)

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