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Solid Organs > Abdominal organs > Flashcards

Abdominal organs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the M/C positional anomaly of the gallbladder?

A

Intrahepatic gallbladder (lies between the right and left lobes of the liver)

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2
Q

What are some normal gallbladder variants?

A

a. phrygian cap
b. double GB
c. left-sided GB
d. intrahepatic GB
e. agenesis of GB
f. choledocal cyst/choledochocele
g. hypoplasia and atresia of biliary tree
h. hourglass GB

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3
Q

What is the classical triad associated with choledocal cyst?

A

Present in 19-60%

1) upper abdominal pain
2) abdominal mass
3) jaundice

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4
Q

What is the M/C/C of acute cholecystitis?

A

gallstones (90-95%)

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5
Q

Who does acute cholecystits most commonly occur in?

A

females

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6
Q

What’s the M/C/C of a shrunken GB?

A

chronic cholecystitis

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7
Q

What is the etiology of chronic cholecystitis?

A

Prolonged inflammation d/t intermittent obstruction of the cystic duct or infundibulum.

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8
Q

What are the radiographic signs for gas filled fissures within the stone?

A

Mercedes Benz sign & crow’s feet

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9
Q

What is the difference btwn pigmented and cholesterol stones in terms of calcification?

A

Pigmented stones –> central calcification

Cholesterol stones –> peripheral calcification

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10
Q

Brown pigmented stones are M/C d/to?

A

E. coli

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11
Q

Patients with emphysematous cholecystitis occur commonly in which patient pop’n?

A

Diabetics

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12
Q

Which gender is more likely to develop emphysematous cholecystitis?

A

males (70-80%)

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13
Q

Gallstone ileus is M/C seen in which demographics?

A

Female (8:1), obese, elderly

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14
Q

What is strawberry GB?

A

Cholesterolosis =

Small, multiple cholesterol polyp. They have no malignant potential.

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15
Q

Small diverticuli found in the mucosa wall of the gallbladder are called?

A

Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses

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16
Q

What are Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses associated with?

A

Adenomyomatosis

smooth elevated or sessile mass found in the fundus of the GB d/t hyperplastic cholesterol

17
Q

What % of porcelain gallbladders are associated with gallstones?

A

90%

18
Q

What % of porcelain gallbladders are associated with carcinoma?

A

10-20% (some say 60%)

19
Q

What is the M/C/C of milk of calcium bile?

A

Obstruction of cystic duct (m/c by a calculus)

20
Q

What is the M/C primary carcinoma of the gallbladder?

A

Adenocarcinoma

21
Q

What is the M/C type of cholangiocarcinoma (malignant neoplasm of the bile duct)?

A

Adenocarcinoma

22
Q

Where are benign neoplasms most likely to be located in the bile duct?

A

distally (75%)

23
Q

What is the M/C benign bile duct neoplasm?

A

Papilloma (M/C multiple) & adenoma (M/C single)

24
Q

Which tumor arises at the junction of the R and L hepatic ducts?

A

Klatskin’s tumor

25
Q

What is the 2nd M/C primary malignant tumor of the liver?

A

Klatskin’s tumor

26
Q

What is Caroli’s disease?

A

Familial cause - multifocal saccular dilatations of the INTRAHEPATIC bile ducts.
Classified as a type V choledochal cyst.

27
Q

What is Sclerosing Cholangitis?

A

Idiopathic inflammatory condition affecting the biliary tree resulting in multiple strictures and eventual cirrhosis.

28
Q

What is Mirizzi syndrome?

A

Extrinsic compression of an extra-hepatic billiary duct from one or more calculi within the cystic duct or gallbladder.

29
Q

What is a choledochocele?

A

Cystic dilatation of the intraduodenal portion of the common bile duct in the region of the ampulla of Vater.

30
Q

What common normal variant presents as an elongated/extension of the right lower lobe of the liver?

A

Riedel’s lobe

31
Q

What are 2 types of jaundice?

A

Non-obstructive = d/t overproduction or lack of liver to excrete the bile.

Obstructive = d/t blockage of flow of bile out of the liver.

32
Q

What are 3 causes of portal hypertension?

A
  1. Block in the intrahepatic portal vein
  2. Increased bloodflow to the liver
  3. Heart failure causing venous hypertension
33
Q

What is Budd-Chiari syndrome?

A

Thrombotic or non-thrombotic obstruction of the hepatic venous outflow – characterized by hepatomegaly, ascites, and abdominal pain.

34
Q

What is the M/C benign liver neoplasm?

A

Hemangioma

35
Q

What is the gold standard imaging modality for a liver hemangioma?

A

Angiography

36
Q

How does a liver hemangioma present on US?

A

Hyperechoic mass in 80%

37
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma is more commonly seen patients with what other liver conditions?

A

Cirrhotic livers or chronic hepatitis

38
Q

What is the M/C anomaly of the pancreas?

A

Ectopic pancreatic tissue

Solid Organs (1 decks)

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