Abdominal Miscellaneous

Question 1

the sonographic appearance of an abscess can vary between

Answer 1

complex masses, debris, septations, and gas

Question 2

what artifact is produced due to gas within an abscess

Answer 2

reverberation (comet-tail) artifact

Question 3

Abscesses typically demonstrate __________ __________ depending on the cystic component of the abscess

Answer 3

posterior enhancement

Question 4

the most reliable finding in a pt with abscesses are

Answer 4

Presence of fever and increased white blood cell (WBC) count

Question 5

What is the white arrow pointing to

Answer 5

a GB Fossa Abscess

Question 6

Bilomas are

Answer 6

extra hepatic collections of extra vasted bile

Question 7

Bilomas are commonly associated with

Answer 7

abdominal trauma gallbladder disease in biliary surgery

Question 8

Bilomas are predominantly cystic masses located in

Answer 8

upper right quadrant

Question 9

Lymphocele are complications of

Answer 9

Renal transplantation
Gynecologic surgery
Vascular surgery
Neurological surgery

Question 10

Lymphocele are caused by

Answer 10

leakage of lymph from a renal allograft or by a surgical disruption of the lymphatic channels

Question 11

what are differential diagnoses of lymphocele

Answer 11

any fluid collections such as loculated ascites urinoma hematoma or abscesses

Question 12

Internal Echoes within the collection is more consistent with an ______ and _____ than with lymphocele

Answer 12

abscess & hematoma

Question 13

Urinoma is a

Answer 13

collection of urine which is located outside of the kidney or bladder

Question 14

what causes a urinoma

Answer 14

Renal trauma, renal surgery or from an obstructing lesion

Question 15

Urinoma are commonly associated with

Answer 15

renal transplantation and posterior urethral valve obstruction

Question 16

A urinoma has a sonographic appearance similar to

Answer 16

Lymphoceles

Question 17

ddh stands for

Answer 17

developmental dysplasia of the hip

Question 18

ddh is a spectrum of disorders affecting the

Answer 18

proximal femur and acetabulum that leads to hips subluxation which is a partial dislocation and dislocation

Question 19

Risk factors for hip dysplasia are

Answer 19

-female,
first born
-frank breech presentation
-family history of ddh
-oligohydramnios

Question 20

Stress maneuvers for ddh are

Answer 20

Barlow and Ortolani

Question 21

what is the Barlow stress maneuver used for?

Answer 21

to determine if hip is sublaxable. dislocation of the hip by adducting and pushing the leg posteriorly.

Question 22

what is ortolani stress maneuver used for?

Answer 22

relocation of the dislocated hip by abducting the leg a palpable and audible clunk is noted as the femoral head slips back into the sockets

Question 23

what is the normal Alpha and beta for DDH?

Answer 23

Alpha is over > 60 beta is under < 55

Question 24

Lymphoma encompasses two groups of neoplasms

Answer 24

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma AKA NHL and Hodgkin’s disease

Question 25

What are sonographic signs are in the presence of Perivessel lymphoma

Answer 25

“sandwhich and mantle”

Question 26

What are lymphomas noted to displace?

Answer 26

IVC and SMA anteriorly

Question 27

What disease more frequently shows displacement of IVC and SMA?

Answer 27

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma more than Hodgkin’s

Question 28

what are symptoms of a lymphoma?

Answer 28

Fever, Night sweats, Weight loss

Question 29

what is the most common subtype of lymphoma?

Answer 29

diffuse large B cells lymphoma

Question 30

what is ascites?

Answer 30

excessive accumulation of cirrhosis fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Question 31

What are two mechanisms that produce ascites?

Answer 31

Low serum osmotic pressure AKA protein loss and high portal venous pressure

Question 32

causes of ascites include?

Answer 32

• cirrhosis
• renal failure
• congestive heart failure - malignant ascites such as cancers

Question 33

what is the most common cause of ascites?

Answer 33

Cirrhosis

Question 34

hypoalbuminemia AKA low protein can be the result of?

Answer 34

• Liver failure
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Malnutrition

Question 35

What procedure can successfully treat ascites by lowering portal pressure?

Answer 35

Transjugular interhepatic portal systemic shunting

Question 36

Where is ascites commonly found?

Answer 36

-inferior aspect of the right lobe of liver
-Morrison’s pouch
-pelvic cul-de-sac
-paracolic gutters