Abdominal Lecture Midterm Flashcards
Which fold of peritoneum is formed by the inferior epigastric vessels?
Lateral umbilical fold
Example sentence: The inferior epigastric vessels form the lateral umbilical fold.
One of the main arteries of the anterior abdominal wall is a branch from the:
External iliac artery
No additional information.
What is the only muscle of the anterior abdominal wall that doesn’t originate from the thoracolumbar fascia?
External oblique
No additional information.
The medial border of the rectus abdominis is separated from its pair by the:
Linea alba
No additional information.
Most muscle fibers of the external oblique run in what direction from their superior attachment?
Run inferomedially from their superior attachment
No additional information.
What nerve travels through the inguinal canal?
Ilioinguinal
No additional information.
What fossae separates the median and medial umbilical folds?
Supravesical fossae
No additional information.
The processes vaginalis is formed from the
Peritoneum
No additional information.
What joins primordial testes to the anterolateral abdominal wall at the deep inguinal ring?
Gubernaculum
No additional information.
What peritoneal derivative carries muscular and fascial layers to cover the spermatic cord into the primordial scrotum?
Processus vaginalis
No additional information.
What is the external layer of the scrotum that is continuous with Scarpa’s fascia?
Dartos fascia
No additional information.
What is the visceral layer of the testes called?
Tunica albuginea
No additional information.
The tail of _____ continues to the ductus deferens.
Epididymis
No additional information.
After moving a box, a 20 year old man presents to his doctor with a bulge in his left groin that does not descent into the scrotum. The bulge is above pubic tubercle, close to the midline, and feels like it can pass directly into the abdominal cavity. What is most likely?
Direct inguinal hernia
No additional information.
From which layers of the anterior abdominal wall is the internal spermatic fascia derived?
Transversalis fascia
No additional information.
The nerve supply to the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall
Travels between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscle
No additional information.
What is the action of rectus abdominis muscle on the trunk / lumbar spine?
Flexion
The lesser peritoneal sac (omental bursa) communicates with the greater peritoneal sac through the
Epiploic (omental) foramen
Example sentence: The epiploic foramen allows communication between the lesser and greater peritoneal sacs.
The visceral peritoneum is from _____ mesoderm.
Splanchnic
Which organs are considered to be secondary retroperitoneal?
A. Duodenum
B. Pancreas
C. Ascending colon
What foramen is responsible for the communication that occurs between the greater and lesser peritoneal sac?
Foramen of Winslow / Omental Foramen / Epipolic Foramen
What is the remnant of the umbilical vein?
Round ligament of the liver
What makes up the midgut?
A. 1/2 distal duodenum
B. 1/2 pancreas
C. Jejunum
D. Ileum
E. Cecum
F. Appendix
G. Ascending colon
H. 2/3 proximal transverse colon
What is the name of the ligament that is between the stomach and diaphragm?
Gastrophrenic ligament
Parasympathetic fibers from the vagus nerve innervate
Ascending colon
What is the arterial supply of the foregut?
Celiac trunk
What is the venous drainage for the hindgut?
Inferior mesenteric vein
What parasympathetic nerve is responsible for defecation?
Pelvic sphlancic
A. Pelvic sphlancic
Which sympathetic nerve synapses on the renal plexus?
Least sphlancic nerve
A. Least sphlancic nerve
What are examples of serous membrane?
The visceral and parietal peritoneum
A. Serous membrane
What parasympathetic nerve is responsible for defecation?
Pelvic sphlancic
A. Pelvic sphlancic
Which sympathetic nerve synapses on the renal plexus?
Least sphlancic nerve
A. Least sphlancic nerve
What is the arterial supply of the transverse colon?
Middle colic artery
A. Middle colic artery
What is the arterial supply of the rectum?
Superior rectal artery
A. Superior rectal artery
Where do all lymphatics from the abdomen collect?
Chyle cistern
A. Chyle cistern
What is the largest and most mobile part of the large intestines?
Transverse colon
A. Transverse colon
What embryonic structure is found in the inferior border of the falciform ligament?
Umbilical vein
A. Umbilical vein
What is the anastomatic artery running along the border of the large intestine called?
Marginal artery
A. Marginal artery
Which structure is a remnant of the embryonic ventral mesentery?
Falciform ligament
A. Falciform ligament
Which artery supplies the terminal end of the ileum, the cecum, the appendix, and the proximal ascending colon?
Ileocolic artery
A. Ileocolic artery
What is the name of the mesentery attached to the transverse colon?
Transverse mesocolon
A. Transverse mesocolon
What is a characteristic unique to the small intestine?
Plicae circulares
A
What divides the right and left lobe of the liver?
Falciform ligament
B
At what vertebral level does the esophagus pass through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm?
T10
C
What are the branches of the splenic artery?
Short gastric artery
Posterior gastric artery
Left gastro-omental artery
Where does the right gastro-epiploic or omental artery branch from?
Gastroduodenal artery
E
What is the name of the post-synaptic parasympathetic innervation of the stomach?
Celiac plexus
F
What organ does the majority of the lymph that enters the thoracic duct come from?
Liver
G
The internal opening of the hepatopancreatic ampulla is the
Major duodenal papilla
H
In an embryo, the loop of the midgut and hindgut is is NOT destined to form what organ?
Stomach
I
This embryonic structure is found in the inferior border of the falciform ligament
Umbilical vein
J
What includes the portal triad?
Portal triad includes portal vein
Common bile duct
Proper hepatic artery
K
Which arteries travel posterior to the pancreatic neck and anterior to the uncinate process?
Superior mesenteric arteries
L
The body of what organ passes over the abdominal aorta and L2?
Pancreas
M
The right and left vagal trunks pass through which opening in the diaphragm?
A. Esophageal hiatus
Numbness, tingling, burning on the lateral aspect of the upper thigh is caused by compression of which nerve?
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
The left gonadal vein usually drains into the
A. Left renal vein
The embryological structure that gives rise to the ureter, renal pelvis, calyces, and collecting ducts is the
Ureteric bud
The suprarenal glands
Are typically each drained by one vein
The gonadal arteries arise from the abdominal aorta at the vertebral level of
L2
Which structure within the hilum of the kidney is the most anterior?
Renal vein
What fetal structure allows blood to bypass the right and left atrium through a shunt?
Foremen ovale
What is the adult form of the ductus arteriosis?
Ligamentum arteriosum
What is the adult form of the umbilical artery?
A. Medial umbilical fold
What is the adult form of the ductus venosus?
Ligamentum venosum
What is the vertebral level of the kidneys?
T12-l3
Which renal structure is anterior to the renal arter?
Renal vein
What is the embryological system that functions during weeks 6-10 of kidney development?
Mesonephros
The urinary bladder is continuous with which structure?
Allantois
Which embryological bud induces metanephros development?
Ureteric bud
Where does the right suprarenal vein drain into?
Inferior vena cava
The renal pelvis receives urine directly from the
Major calices
Which kidney structure is responsible for filtration and oxygen exchange?
Glomerulus
What nerve roots are responsible for motor innervation of the diaphragm?
A. C3, C4, C5
What is the name of the opening in the diaphragm that the inferior vena cava travels through?
Caval
What is the innervation of the quadratus lumborum?
A. T12, L1–4
At what vertebral level does the inferior mesenteric artery divide into the common iliac arteries?
L4
What nerve supplies motor innervation to the adductors and sensory to the medial thigh
Obturator
Which suprarenal arteries branch directly from the aorta?
A. Middle suprarenal artery
All of the following pertain to the abdominal aorta except
It only has 2 branches that supply abdominal viscera
lesser omentum is a double layer of peritoneum which is attached to the
Duodenum Liver Stomach
liver and falciform ligament form what mesentery
Ventral
The bare area of the liver is bounded by the
A. Coronary ligament
woman suffers fractures her left ribs 8-10. Which organ could be damaged that would cause internal bleeding?
Spleen (behind ribs 9-11)
portal vein is formed by the union of the
Superior mesenteric Inferior mesenteric Splenic veins
gastroduodenal artery bifurcates into the
Right gastro-omental and superior pancreatico duodenal
