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OCSEs > Abdominal examination > Flashcards

Abdominal examination Flashcards

1
Q

Palm inspection

A

Pallor
Palmar erythema
Dupuytren’s contracture

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2
Q

Causes of palmar erythema

A

Chronic liver disease

Normal in pregnancy

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3
Q

Causes of Dupuytren’s contracture

A

genetics, excessive alcohol use, increasing age, male gender, diabetes

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4
Q

Nail signs

A

Koilonychia
Leukonychia
Clubbing

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5
Q

Causes of Koilonychia

A

Iron deficiency anaemia- malabsorption in crohn’s disease

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6
Q

Causes of leukonychia

A

hypoalbuminemia- end stage liver disease, coeliac disease, liver cirrhosis

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7
Q

Causes of leukonychia

A

hypoalbuminemia- end stage liver disease, protein losing enteropathy

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8
Q

Causes of clubbing

A

end stage liver disease, coeliac disease, liver cirrhosis

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9
Q

Causes of Asterixis

A 
hepatic encephalopathy (due to hypoammonaemia)
Uraemia secondary to renal failure
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10
Q

What does cool hands indicate

A

Poor peripheral perfusion

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11
Q

Causes of bruising

A

clotting abnormalities secondary to liver cirrhosis

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12
Q

Causes of Acanthosis nigricans

A

insulin resistance in type to diabetes
gastrointestinal malignancy
benign

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13
Q

Causes of hair loss in the axilla

A

IDA, malnutrition

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14
Q

Causes of conjunctival pallor

A

anaemia

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15
Q

Causes of corneal arcus

A

Under 50- hypercholesterolaemia

over 60- benign

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16
Q

Causes of Xanthelasma

A

hypercholesterolaemia

17
Q

Causes of Kayser-Fleischer rings

A

Wilson’s disease

18
Q

Causes of Perilimbal injection

A

IBD

19
Q

Causes of angular stomatitis

A

IDA, GI malignancy, malabsorption

20
Q

Causes of glossitis

A

Iron, B12 and folate deficiency

21
Q

Causes of oral candidiasis

A

immunosuppression

22
Q

Causes of aphthous ulceration

A

iron, B12, folate deficiency, Crohn’s

Benign

23
Q

Causes of hyperpigmented macules

A

Peutiz Jegher’s syndrome- autosomal dominant- development of polyps

24
Q

Causes of Virchow’s node enlargement

A

metastatic intrabdominal malignancy

25
Q

Causes of spider naevi

A

more than 5- liver cirrhosis
preganancy
COC

26
Q

Causes of gynaecomastia

A

liver cirrhosis, digoxin, spironalactone

27
Q

Causes of abdominal distention

A

Fat, fluid, flatus, faeces, fetus, fulminant mass

28
Q

What is Cullen’s sign?

A

Bruising of tissue surrounding umbilicus, associated with pancreatic pancreatitis

29
Q

What is Grey-Turner’s sign?

A

Bruising in the flanks, associated with pancreatic pancreatitis

30
Q

Causes of hepatomegaly

A

malignancy
hepatic congestion-right heart failure
infectious mononucleosis
hematological disorders

31
Q

Liver edge assessment

A

degree of extension ->2cm- hepatomegaly

consistency- nodular- cirrhosis

OCSEs (1 decks)

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