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Physical Diagnosis II Final > Abdominal Exam > Flashcards

Abdominal Exam Flashcards

1
Q

When are abdominal exams performed?

A

1 sports, pre-employment, and routine physicals
2 rule out viscerosomatic causes of back pain
3 patient presentation of GI symptoms

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2
Q

What is the term for the condition where a patient suddenly presents with urgent and emergent symptoms of severe or escalating and WRITHING pain where no position provides any comfort?

A

Acute “surgical” abdomen

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3
Q

What usually causes acute “surgical” abdomen?

A

Inflammation, perforation, obstruction, infarction, or rupture of an intra-abdominal organ

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4
Q

What is another term for water brash?

A

Regurgitation

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5
Q

What is the term for spontaneous, EFFORTLESS reflux of digestive enzymes and stomach contents into the mouth?

A

Regurgitation (water brash)

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6
Q

What is the term for FORCEFUL expulsion of stomach contents out of the mouth?

A

Emesis (vomit)

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7
Q

What is the term for blood-stained vomit?

A

Hematemesis

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8
Q

What conditions usually cause hematemesis?

A

Esophageal varies or stomach ulcers

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9
Q

What causes yellow vomit?

A

Bile from intestines ending up in the stomach via an incompetent pyloric sphincter

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10
Q

What causes coffee grounds emesis?

A

Gastric blood that has coagulated and oxidizes by stomach acids

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11
Q

Why are normal/healthy stools brown in color (three steps)?

A

1 spleen breaks down RBCs to produce bilirubin
2 liver processes bilirubin and excretes it with bile
3 bacteria in the colon convert bilirubin to stercobilin which turns stools brown

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12
Q

What is the term for black, tarry, foul-smelling stools?

A

Melena

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13
Q

Melena results from a bleed in what area of the GI tract?

A

Higher

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14
Q

What other things besides a bleed in the higher GI tract can cause melena?

A

Black licorice, blueberries, iron supplements, lead, and pepto-bismol

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15
Q

What is the term for gray or yellow stools made of fat?

A

Steatorrhea

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16
Q

What causes steatorrhea?

A

Malabsorption of fat, impaired liver function, or bile output blockage (hepatitis or cholecystitis/gallstones)

17
Q

What is the term for red, blood-streaked stools?

A

Hematochezia

18
Q

What causes hematochezia?

A

Low GI bleeds (anal fissures, hemorrhoids, polyps)

19
Q

What are currant jelly stools made of?

A

Combo of blood, feces, and mucus

20
Q

Currant jelly stools are associated with what condition/issue?

A

Intusseception

21
Q

What is usually the cause of dark yellow or orange urine?

A

Dehydration

22
Q

What causes hematuria?

A

Bleeding in the urinary tract (UTIs or kidney stones)

23
Q

What causes tea colored urine?

A

Impaired liver function or bile output blockage

24
Q

What substance is in excess with tea colored urine?

A

Bilirubin

Physical Diagnosis II Final (2 decks)

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