Abdominal Blood Vessels And Nerves

Question 1

At what level does the aorta enter the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm?

Answer 1

T12

Question 2

When does the aorta end, and what marks its end?

Answer 2

L4

Splitting to the R and L common iliac as.

Question 3

From superior to inferior, what are the most important relations to the abdominal aorta (6)

Answer 3

Autonomic plexus
Body of pancreas
Splenic v.
L renal v.
Horizontal duodenum
SI

Question 4

Unpaired visceral branches of the aorta and their levels (3)

Answer 4

Celiac a. (T12)
Superior mesenteric a. (L1)
Inferior mesenteric a. (L3)

Question 5

Paired visceral branches of the aorta and their levels (3)

Answer 5

R/L suprarenal as.
R/L renal as.
R/L gonadal as.

Question 6

Paired parietal branches of the aorta and their levels (3)

Answer 6

R/L inferior phrenic as.
R/L subcostal as.
R/L lumbar as.

Question 7

Which artery supplies the foregut?
PSNS innervation:
SNS innervation:
Referred pain:

Answer 7

Celiac a.
Vagus ns.
T5-T9 thoracic splanchnic ns.
Epigastrium

Question 8

Which artery supplies the midgut?
PSNS innervation:
SNS innervation:
Referred pain:

Answer 8

Superior mesenteric a.
Vagus ns.
T8-T12 thoracic splanchnic ns.
Umbilical area

Question 9

Which artery supplies the hindgut?
PSNS innervation:
SNS innervation:
Referred pain:

Answer 9

Inferior mesenteric a.
Pelvic splanchnic ns.
L1-L2 lumbar splanchnic ns.
Hypogastrium

Question 10

3 main branches off the celiac trunk

Answer 10

Common hepatic a.
Splenic a.
Left gastric a.

Question 11

Posterior gastric artery comes off of:

Answer 11

Splenic a.

Question 12

Short gastric as come off of:

Answer 12

Splenic a.

Question 13

Esophageal branch comes off of:

Answer 13

Left gastric a.

Question 14

Common hepatic a branches into:

Answer 14

Proper hepatic a.

Gastroduodenal a.

Question 15

Gastroduodenal a branches into:

Answer 15

Supraduodenal a.

Superior pancreaticoduodenal a.

Question 16

R gastro-omental a comes from:

L gastro-omental a comes from:

Answer 16

R - gastroduodenal a.

L - splenic a.

Question 17

Branches of proper hepatic a:

Answer 17

R/L hepatic as.

R hepatic a. —> cystic a.

Question 18

Hepatic portal v supplies what part of the liver:

Answer 18

Liver parenchyma

Question 19

Hepatic a supplies what part of the liver?

Answer 19

Non—parenchymal structures (intrahepatic bile ducts)

Question 20

Cystohepatic triangle of calot includes which structures? (3)

Answer 20

Common hepatic duct
Cystic duct
Visceral surface of liver

Question 21

Blood supply to the pancreas
Gastroduodenal a.
Superior mesenteric a.
Splenic a.

Answer 21

Gastroduodenal a. —> ant/post superior pancreaticoduodenal as.
SMA —> ant/post inferior pancreaticoduodenal as.
Splenic a. —> pancreatic as.

Question 22

SMA and renal v entrapment syndrome

Answer 22

With loss of mesenteric fat, the SMA can compress the 3rd part of the duodenum and left renal v.

Question 23

Superior rectal a is from:
Middle rectal a is from:
Inferior rectal a is from:

Answer 23

SRA - IMA
MRA - internal iliac as.
IRA - internal pudendal a.

Question 24

Internal hemorrhoids

Answer 24

Prolapse of rectal mucosa of inferior venous plexus.
Bright red blood.
Not painful because it is above pectinate line.

Question 25

External hemorrhoids

Answer 25

Blood clots in vs of external venous plexus.
Covered by skin.
Very painful - innervation by inferior anal ns.

Question 26

Where does the IVC begin?

Where does it pass through caval opening of diaphragm?

Answer 26

L5 on right of aorta.

T8

Question 27

Portal-caval anastomoses (4)

Answer 27

Esophageal - left gastric/azygos vs.
Rectal - superior rectal/middle/inferior rectal vs.
Paraumbilical - paraumbilical/epigastric vs.
Retroperitoneal - colic/systemic retroperitoneal vs.

Question 28

Synthetic innervation of the abdomen (4)

Answer 28

Greater, lesser, least and lumbar splanchnic ns.

Question 29

PSNS innervation of the abdomen (2)

Answer 29

Vagus n.

Pelvic splanchnic ns.

Question 30

Vagus n conveys what kind of fibers to which plexuses?

Answer 30

Presynaptic parasympathetic and visceral afferent fibers to abdominal aortic plexus and periarterial plexuses.

Question 31

Pelvic splanchnic ns are distinct from other splanchnic nerves how? (3)

Answer 31

Nothing to do w/ sympathetic trunks
Derived directly from ant rami of spinal ns S2-S4.
Convert presynaptic parasympathetic fibers to inferior hypogastric plexus.

Question 32

2 effects of SNS innervation in the abdomen

Answer 32

Vasoconstriction

Inhibiting peristalsis

Question 33

From SC to viscera (3)

Answer 33

Abdominosplanchnic n to paravertebral ganglion to periarterial plexus to viscera.

Question 34

Prevertebral ganglia (3)

Answer 34

Celiac
Superior mesenteric
Inferior mesenteric

Question 35

Plexuses (6)

Answer 35

Celiac plexus
Superior mesenteric plexus
Inferior mesenteric plexus
Inter mesenteric plexus
Superior hypogastric plexus
Inferior hypogastric plexus