Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

314 EXAM 3 > Abdominal Assessment And Bowel Elimination > Flashcards

Abdominal Assessment And Bowel Elimination Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy of the GI tract

A

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Know organs in each quadrant of the abdomen

A

GO LABEL!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Subjective bowel assessment

A

Appetite changes, diet, physical activity, medications, exercise, fluid intake, pattern, characteristics, routines, any pain/discomfort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Signs and symptoms of abdominal disorders

A

Pain, nausea/vomiting, bowel movements, GI bleeding, abdominal dissension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

DysphaGia

A

Difficulty swallowing any liquid or solid material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dysphasia

A

Speech disorders in which there is impairment of the power of expression by speech, writing, or signs of impairment of the power of comprehension of spoken or written language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When assessing the abdomen, do what first….

A

LOOK AND LISTEN
Auscultate before palpate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Abdominal skin

A

Color is normal with smooth texture
Yellow = jaundice
NO lesions
NO rashes
NO scars
NO striae (related to pregnancy, rapid growth, cushings, or obesity) NO spider Angioma (one could be normal, more consider liver damage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cullens sign

A

Periumbilical bleeding
NOT NORMAL
Bleeding behind the peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Turners Sign

A

Flank bleeding
Bleeding behind the lining of the abdominal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Abdominal contour

A

Should be flat or rounded
NOT scaphoid (could be malnourishment) or protuberant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Types of localized enlargements

A

Hernias, tumors, cyst, bowel obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

A

Visible pulsation
Marked pulsation right above the belly button

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Normal bowel sounds

A

High pitched, gurgling, cascading sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hyperactive sounds

A

Loud, high pitched, rushing, tinkling sounds (increased motility)
Borborygmus - loud stomach gargling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hypoactive or active sounds

A

Decreased motility associated with anticholinergic medications, abdominal surgery, ileum, or inflammation of the peritoneum

Listen for five minutes in each quadrant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mixed abdominal sounds

A

Varied sounds based on quadrant and what is happening

Hyperactive ABOVE a mass/impaction
Hypoactive BELOW the mass/impaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Auscultation of vascular sounds

A

Use bell to look for bruit
- aorta
- renal artery
- illiac artery
- femoral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Abdominal palpation

A

Can identify areas of tenderness
Empty bladder
Lighter —-> deeper palpations (never go to where it hurts)
Do not palpate an abdominal mass

20
Q

Rebound tenderness

A

Press onto the involved area and let go. Pain upon rebound indicates peritoneal tenderness

Common with appendicitis

21
Q

McBurney’s point

A

Draw a line from the right anterior superior iliac spine and the umbilicus

This area has discomfort during appendicitis

22
Q

Characteristics of feces

A

Color, odor, consistency, frequency, shape, constituents

23
Q

Bristol Stool Chart

A

Type 1 ——> Type 7
Tiny, hard lumps ——> long, liquid diarrhea

24
Q

Common alterations in bowel elimination

A

Constipation
Diarrhea
Flatulence
Blood in stool
Fecal incontinence
Hemorrhoids

25
Q

Flatulence

A

Gas in lumen intestines
Avg individual produces 1/2 liter of gas/day
Needs to be passed or it will cause dissension and pain
Good for post-op patience

26
Q

Diarrhea

A

Caused by infection, food poisoning, meds, food intolerance, diseases, and procedures

Dehydration

Treatment with avoiding dehydration, probiotic yogurt, and the BRAT diet

27
Q

Constipation

A

Lack of fiber, fluids, exercise

Hard, dry, formed stools with decreased frequency

28
Q

Types of laxatives

A

Bulk forming
Emollient/stool softener
Stimulant/irritant
Lubricant
Saline/osmotic

29
Q

Bulk forming

A

Increases the fluid, gaseous, or solid bulk in the intestines

May take 12hrs to act, sufficient fluid needed, good for long term use

30
Q

Emollient/stool softener

A

Softens and delays the drying of the feces; permits fat and water to penetrate feces

Slow acting, may take several days

31
Q

Stimulant/irritant

A

Irritates the intestinal mucosa or stimulates nerve endings in the wall of the intestine, causing rapid propulsion of the contents

Acts more quickly that bulk forming
Fluid is passed with the feces
May cause cramps
Prolonged use may cause fluid and electrolyte imbalance

32
Q

Lubricant

A

Lubricates the feces in the colon

Prolonged use inhibits the absorption of some fat-soluble vitamins

33
Q

Saline/osmotic

A

Draws water into the intestine by osmosis, distends bowels, and stimulates peristalsis

May be rapid acting
Can cause fluid and electrolyte imbalance
Not used by older patients
Prolonged use inhibits absorption of some fat soluble vitamins

34
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Prolapsed, varicose veins of the rectum

Inc venous pressure r/t constipation, straining, pregnancy, w weightlifting

Bleeding, bright red, pain, itching

Treatment: avoid constipation, warm bath, cortisone cream, sclerotherapy, hemorrhoidectomy

35
Q

Guaiac Fecal Occult Blood Test

A

Detects GI bleeding that isn’t seen most commonly
Normal - negative
- no blood detected
Abnormal- positive
-colon or rectal polyps or cancer, hemorrhoids, annal fissures, esophageal or gastric cancer, peptic ulcers, ulcerative colitis, chronic disease, GERD, esophageal varies
False-positive:
- recent dental procedure, bleeding gums, eating red meat, fish, turnips, horseradish, high doses of Vitamin C, NSAID

36
Q

Valsalva Maneuver

A

Patient inspires deeply and holds breath while contracting ab muscles and bearing down
- Inc intra abdominal and intra thoracic pressure.
- Dec venous return to heart
- bradycardia, Dec BP, Dec CO

37
Q

Stoma

A

Whole opening into a hallow organ

Tracheostomy - a stoma in the trachea

38
Q

Appendicitis referred pain

A

Umbilical pain
Rebound tenderness
McBurneys Point ( right)

39
Q

Cholecystitis referred pain

A

RUQ pain with radiation to shoulder/back
5 Fs: fat, fair, forty, flatulence, female

40
Q

Constipation referred pain

A

Sharp pain mimicking appendicitis
Diffuse tenderness with palpation

41
Q

Diverticulitis

A

LLQ
Pain worse after eating

42
Q

Pancreatitis referred pain

A

RUQ and epigastric pain

43
Q

Peptic Ulcer referred pain

A

Epigastric pain 1-2 hours after meals
Sudden and severe
Right shoulder radiation

44
Q

Peritonitis referred pain

A

Abdominal pain
Inc with movement
Rebound tenderness

45
Q

Abdominal Aortic Aneurism (AAA)

A

Often asymptomatic
Back/abdominal pain
Pulsatile mass may be palpable

314 EXAM 3 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions