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Clinical Practice > Abdominal Assessment > Flashcards

Abdominal Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major organs in the right hypochondriac region?

A

Liver
Gallbladder
Right kidney

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2
Q

What are the major organs in the left hypochondriac region?

A

Stomach
Liver (tip)
Left kidney
Spleen

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3
Q

What are the major organs in the epigastric region?

A

Stomach
Liver
Pancreas
Right and left kidneys

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4
Q

What are the major organs in the right lumbar region?

A

Liver (tip)
Small intestine
Ascending colon
Right kidney

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5
Q

What are the major organs in the left lumbar region?

A

Small intestine
Descending colon
Left kidney

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6
Q

What are the major organs in the umbilical regions?

A

Stomach
Pancreas
Small intestine
Transverse colon

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7
Q

What are the major organs in the right iliac region?

A

Small intestine
Appendix
Cecum and ascending colon

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8
Q

What are the major organs in the left iliac region?

A

Small intestine
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon

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9
Q

What are the major organs in the hypogastric/suprapubic region?

A

Small intestine
Sigmoid colon
Bladder

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10
Q

What would you first INSPECT for?

A 
Scars
Discolouration
Masses or pallor
Is it symmetrical?
Is the belly button normal?
Umbilical hernia
Bruising
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11
Q

What is an umbilical hernia?

A

A condition where a part of the intestine is displaced and protrudes through the wall of the cavity around the umbilicus

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12
Q

How long should you auscultate for in all areas before determining there is no bowel movements or sound?

A

3 minutes

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13
Q

What position should the patient be in when PALPATING?

A

Patient should be lying fat with pillow under head and knees for comfort

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14
Q

What are the 5 Fs that you would palpate lightly for?

A 
Fluid
Flatus
Fundus (the bottom or base of a hollow organ like the uterus)/foetus
Fat
Faecal
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15
Q

Why would we palpate deeper after palpating lightly?

A

Rule out deeper masses or abnormalities

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16
Q

What are we looking for when palpating the stomach?

A

Tenderness
Rigidity
Skin temp
Signs of patient discomfort

17
Q

When palpating why should you avoid the painful region till last?

A

To prevent the patient guarding which is an involuntary muscle spasm due to underlying issue, which is more than just the patient tensing

18
Q

What would you do after palpating the stomach?

A

Percussion

19
Q

What areas of the stomach would you percuss?

A

The four main quadrants

20
Q

What is suspected if there is pain or discomfort in the right upper quadrant?

A

Cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder) or biliary colic (blockage in the gallbladder restricting flow of bile)

Congestive Hepatomegaly (back up of blood in the liver as a result of heart failure)

Hepatitis (inflammation of the liver) or hepatic abscess

Perforated Duodenal Ulcer (erosion through the gut wall in the digestive system)

Retrocecal Appendicitis

21
Q

What is suspected if there is pain or discomfort in the left upper quadrant?

A

Gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining)

Splenic disorders (ruptures or abscess)

22
Q

What is suspected if there is pain or discomfort in the right lower quadrant?

A

Appendicitis

Cecal diverticulitis (small bulging pouches formed on the lining of the digestive system)

Meckel’s Diverticulitis (genetically inherited and results to formation of bulging pouches)

Mesenteric adenitis (inflammation of the mesenteric lymph nodes in the stomach)

23
Q

What is suspected if there is pain or discomfort in the left lower quadrant?

A

Sigmoid diverticulitis (small pockets formed on the sigmoid colon on the large intestine)

24
Q

What is suspected if there is pain or discomfort in the centre of the right or left upper quadrant?

A

Acute appendicitis

Herpes Zoster (shingles)

Lower lobe pneumonia

Myocardial Ischaemia (blood flow to your heart is reduced, preventing the heart muscle from receiving enough oxygen. The reduced blood flow is usually the result of a partial or complete blockage of your coronary arteries. If the plaques rupture, heart attack may happen (myocardial infarction).

Radiculitis (pain in spinal pathway due to pressure on the nerve)

25
Q

What is suspected if there is pain or discomfort in the centre of the right or left lower quadrant?

A

Abdominal or psoas (main muscle in lumbar region of spine) abscess

Inflammatory bowel disease

Pelvic inflammatory bowel disease

Renal stone

Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm

Ruptured ectopic pregnancy

Cystitis (inflammation of the urinary bladder or any part of the urinary system)

Endometriosis (tissue similar to that of the womb begin to form outside of the womb in other places such as the ovaries and fallopian tubes)

Incarcerated hernia (internal part of the body pushes through a weakness in the muscle or surrounding tissue wall)

Clinical Practice (7 decks)

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