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Clinical Care > Abdominal assessment > Flashcards

Abdominal assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What are you looking for in abdominal palpation?

A

Guarding
Rigidity
Tenderness

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2
Q

What are the 9 sections of the abdomen?

A
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3
Q

What kind of patients may have atypical presentation with abdominal assessment?

A

Elderly
Alcohol-dependent
Immunosuppressed

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4
Q

What can referred right shoulder pain signify?

A

Liver injury/damage
Perforated duodernal ulcer

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5
Q

What can referred left shoulder pain signify?

A

Pancreatitis

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6
Q

How does knee flexion reduce pain in peritonitis?

A

Reduces strain on the abdomen

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7
Q

What can (frank) red blood in vomit indicate?

A

Upper GI tear/lesions

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8
Q

What can mouth ulcers signify?

A

B12/Folate deficiency
Crohn’s disease

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9
Q

What is Crohn’s disease?

A

Long term inflammation of the bowel

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10
Q

What can steatorrhoea signify?

A

Higher fat content in faeces
Causes include:
Pancreatitis
Pancreatic cancer
Biliary obstruction
Coeliac disease

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11
Q

What the 6 Fs of abdominal distention?

A

Fat
Fluid
Flatus
Faeces
Foetus
Fulminant mass

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12
Q

What conditions most often cause ascites?

A

Liver cirrhosis
Cancers

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13
Q

What medications are not recommended for viral gastroenteritis?

A

Antibiotics, anti-diarrheal agents and anti-emetic

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14
Q

What can bloody or severe diarrhoea along with general gastroenteritis symptoms signify?

A

Bacterial infection, should be confirmed with a stool sample

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15
Q

What can severe lower abdominal pain with referred shoulder/neck pain signify in females?

A

Ectopic pregnancy

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16
Q

What can severe sudden onset peri-umbilical pain with migration to right lower quadrant signify?

A

Appendicitis

17
Q

In suspected appendicitis what can sometimes cause a sudden reduction in pain?

A

Appendix rupture

18
Q

How can a AAA affect the lower extremities?

A

Discolouration due to ischemia

19
Q

What is the order of abdominal observations?

A

Inspect
Auscultate
Percuss
Palpate

20
Q

What can white spots in the nails signify and what does this indicate?

A

Low albumin
Can indicate malnutrition, liver disease, kidney disease, or an inflammatory disease.

21
Q

What can hyperactive bowel symptoms signify?

A

Diarrhoea, post-eating

22
Q

What can hypoactive or absent bowel signs signify?

A

Ileus, constipation, peritonitis

23
Q

What can abnormal bowel signs (e.g. tinkling) signify?

A

Bowel obstruction

24
Q

How often should you hear bowel sounds?

A

Every 5-10 seconds

25
Q

What is Blumberg’s sign and what can it signify?

A

Rebound tenderness, peritonitis

26
Q

What is Rovsing’s and what can it signify?

A

Pain in the right illiac fossa with pressure on the left illiac fossa.
Appendicitis

27
Q

What is the psoas sign and what can it signify?

A

Lower right quadrant pain with extension (or flexion against resistance) of the right hip.
Appendicitis, caused by the inflamed appendix coming into contact with the psoas muscle

28
Q

What is the obturator sign and what can it signify?

A

Lower right quadrant pain with internal and external rotation of the flexed hip with flexed right knee
Appendicitis, caused by the inflamed appendix coming into contact with obturator internus muscle

29
Q

What is Murphy’s sign and what can it signify?

A

Pain on deep inspiration when hand is placed below right costal margin along the mid clavicular line.
Cholecystitis

30
Q

How do you test for ballot?

A

Left hand on patient’s back (flank area) under the 12th rib, pushing upwards
Right hand pushing down just below the anterior costal margin.
Ask the patient to take a deep breath to help descend the kidneys and ‘trap it’ between your two hands

31
Q

What is ballot?

A

Kidney tenderness

Clinical Care (15 decks)

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