Abdominal Anatomy

Question 1

Blood supply to the foregut

Answer 1

Celiac trunk

Question 2

Blood supply to the midgut

Answer 2

Superior mesenteric artery

Question 3

Blood supply to the hindgut

Answer 3

Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 4

Innervation to the parietal peritoneum

Answer 4

Somatic: lower thoracic and lumbar anterior rami

Question 5

Innervation to the visceral peritoneum is _____

Answer 5

Autonomic

Question 6

The lateral umbilical folds cover the ______-

Answer 6

inferior epigastric vessels

Question 7

The mediaL umbilical folds cover the ______-

Answer 7

obliterated umbilical arteries

Question 8

The mediaN umbilical fold covers the ______

Answer 8

obliterated urachus

Question 9

The foregut spans the

Answer 9

oropharyngeal membrane to the proximal duodenum

Question 10

At what level does the abdominal esophagus pass through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm?

Answer 10

T10

Question 11

Which vagus nerve wraps anterior to the esophagus and gives rise to the anterior vagal trunk? Which wraps posterior and gives rise to the posterior vagal trunk?

Answer 11

Anterior: Left
Posterior: Right

Question 12

Part of the lesser omentum which connects the liver to the stomach

Answer 12

Hepatogastric ligament

Question 13

Part of the lesser omentum which connects the liver to the duodenum

Answer 13

Hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 14

The omental foramen is located

Answer 14

posterior the right edge of the hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 15

Epiploic foramen of Winslow aka

Answer 15

the omental foramen

Question 16

A major cause of splenomegaly is ______

Answer 16

Portal hypertension

Question 17

The proper hepatic artery, the portal vein, and the hepatic duct enter/exit the liver through the

Answer 17

Porta hepatis / Transverse fissure

Question 18

Connects the liver to the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 18

Falciform ligament

Question 19

A ligament formed from the obliterated umbilical vein

Answer 19

round ligament of the liver

Question 20

The bile duct empties into the _______

Answer 20

major duodenal papilla (meets up pancreatic duct) in the descending duodenum

Question 21

The triangle of Calot aka

Answer 21

Hepatobiliary triangle

Question 22

The triangle of Calot borders

Answer 22

Cystic duct
Common hepatic duct
Inferior border of the liver

Question 23

The triangle of Calot is surgically used to find the _____

Answer 23

cystic artery

Question 24

Which part of the pancreas IS NOT secondarily retroperitoneal?

Answer 24

The tail

Question 25

At what level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the left and right common iliac arteries?

Answer 25

L4

Question 26

The Celiac trunk (foregut) has 3 branches:

Answer 26

1. Left gastric artery
2. Splenic artery
3. Common hepatic artery

Question 27

The portal triad:

Answer 27

In the hepatoduodenal ligament:

1. Proper hepatic artery
2. Bile duct
3. Hepatic portal vein

Question 28

The midgut spans

Answer 28

distal duodenum through transverse colon

Question 29

Malrotation can mean (2)

Answer 29

1. Colon is to the left of the small intestine

2. Duodenum anterior to colon

Question 30

Gastroschisis

Answer 30

Viscera retract and later herniate lateral to the umbilicus (usually right)
Viscera not covered in amnion

Question 31

Omphalocele

Answer 31

Persistent physiological
hernia
Viscera covered with
amnion in the umbilical
cord

Question 32

Atresia/stenosis

Answer 32

Constriction or occlusion

Common in areas where tissue
apoptoses to recreate gut lumen: duodenum, rectum

Question 33

Meckel’s diverticulum aka

Answer 33

Ileal diverticulum

Question 34

Meckel’s Diverticulitis

Answer 34

Remnant of Vitelline duct which can infect and present like appendicitis

2x2x2 Rule: ~2% of people, ~2
in long, ~2 ft from ileocecal
junction

Question 35

McBurney’s Point

Answer 35

1/3 the distance between ASIS and umbilicus

Question 36

The superior mesenteric artery arises from the abdominal aorta at level __

Answer 36

L1

Question 37

The hindgut starts at the

Answer 37

distal third of the transverse colon

Question 38

The inferior mesenteric artery arises from the abdominal aorta at level __

Answer 38

L3

Question 39

Major tributaries to the hepatic portal system

Answer 39

Splenic vein
Superior mesenteric vein
Inferior mesenteric vein
R+L gastric veins