abdominal

Question 1

what is included in abdominal cavity

Answer 1

stomach
small and large intestines
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
spleen
kidneys
bladder
major vessels

women: uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries

Question 2

where does the esophagus lie

Answer 2

outside the abdominal cavity

vital pat of the gastrointestinal system

Question 3

what is different in the order of assessment techniques

Answer 3

auscultate after inspection

Question 4

why do you auscultate after inspection

Answer 4

alter bowel sounds or cause pain

Question 5

what to note when inspecting

Answer 5

guarding or splinting
inspect the umbilicus for:
- postion 
- shape
- color
- discharge
- masses

Question 6

lesions

Answer 6

bruising, rashes, primary lesions

Question 7

scars

Answer 7

location and length

Question 8

silver striae or stretch marks

Answer 8

expected finding

Question 9

dilated veins

Answer 9

unexpected finding

reflecting cirrhosis or inferior vena cava obstruction

Question 10

jaundice, cyanosis, ascites

Answer 10

reflecting cirrhosis

Question 11

concave

Answer 11

sunken apperance

Question 12

convex

Answer 12

rounded

Question 13

distended

Answer 13

large protrusion

Question 14

flatus

Answer 14

protrusion is mainly midline, there is no change in flanks

Question 15

hernias

Answer 15

protrusion through abdominal muscle wall are visible, especially when the client flexes the abdominal muscles

Question 16

peristalisis

Answer 16

wavelike movements visible in thin adounts or in clients who have intestinal obstructions

Question 17

pulsations

Answer 17

regular beats of movement midline above the umbilicus are expected findings in thin adults, but a pulsating mass is unexpected

Question 18

what do bowl sounds result from

Answer 18

the movement of air and fluid in the intestines

Question 19

when is the most appropriate time to auscultate bowl sounds

Answer 19

between meals

Question 20

how many high pitch clicks and gurgles are there

Answer 20

5 to 35

Question 21

how to determine absent bowl sounds

Answer 21

hear no sounds after listening for a full 5 min

Question 22

loud growling sounds

Answer 22

hyperactive

Question 23

what do hyperactive sounds indicate

Answer 23

gastrointestinal motility can cause:

• diarrhea
• anxiety
• bowl inflammation
• reaction to foods

Question 24

percussion

Answer 24

• hear tympany over most of the abdomen
• lower pitch typany over the gastrc bubble in the left upper quadrant
• expect dullness over the liver or a distended bladder
• liver span is a measurement of liver size at the right midclavicular line

Question 25

findings outside the normal range of percussion

Answer 25

hematomegaly

Question 26

when palpating observe

Answer 26

facial grimaces- indicates tenderness

Question 27

breathing slowly will

Answer 27

cause muscle relaxation

Question 28

when pt. has abdominal pain palpate

Answer 28

over the area of pain last

Question 29

light palpation

Answer 29

• use finger pads on one hand to palpate .5 in each quadrant
• expect softness, no nodules, no guarding
• bladder is only palpable if full

Question 30

deep palpation

Answer 30

may be reserved for advanced or experienced practitioners

Question 31

two hand approach

Answer 31

• top hand depresses the 1 to 3 in in depth
• bottom hand assess for organ enlargement or masses
• expected: stool can be palpable in descending colon

Question 32

rebound tenderness (blumberg’s sign)

Answer 32

• indication or irritation or inflammation somewhere in the and cavity
• after releasing pressure, observe the clients response to see if releasing the pressure caused pain

Question 33

what should you never palpate

Answer 33

abd mass, tender organs, or surgical incisions

Question 34

expected changes with aging

Answer 34

• expected weaker abd muscles declining in tone, and more adipose tissue
• peritoneal inflammation is more difficult to detect due to less pain, guarding, fever, and rebound tenderness
• saliva, gastric secretions, and pancreatic enzymes decrease
• esophageal peristalsis and small- intestine motility decrease