Abdominal Flashcards
What is a bulge of cortical tissue on the lateral surface of the kidney called?
Dromedary hump
What is infantile polycystic kidney disease also known as?
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD)
What does the sphincter of Oddi surround?
The common bile duct and pancreatic duct at the ampulla of Vater
Where are renal pyramids found?
In the medulla of the kidney
True or False: Polycythemia vera can cause splenomegaly.
True
True or False: Splenomegaly may be caused by an inflammatory process or portal vein thrombosis.
True
What is the inflammation process of the gallbladder called?
Cholecystitis
In which part of the body is the spleen located?
In the left hypochondrium
What is the most common benign tumor of the spleen?
Hemangioma
What surrounds the renal corpuscle?
Bowman’s capsule
What is splenic agenesis?
Congenital absence of the spleen
What is a useful landmark for locating the gallbladder?
MHV, it lies in the same anatomic plane
What is the origin of a simple renal cyst?
Unknown
What disease is characterized by bilateral enlarged kidneys with multiple cysts?
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)
True or False: The most common cause of diffuse splenic lesions is splenic infarction.
True
The spleen is part of which system?
Reticuloendothelial
How long is the cystic duct?
About 4 centimeters long
What generally lies in an oblique pathway in the posterior left upper quadrant?
The spleen
Where is Morison’s pouch located?
Anterior to the right kidney
What is the most common renal fusion called?
Horseshoe kidney
List 3 alternative scanning plans for scanning the kidney.
- RLO
- LLD
- RLD
Where is the portal vein located in relation to the CBD?
Just posterior to the CBD
What does the infundibulum form?
Hartman’s pouch
What is choledocholithiasis?
Formation of calcium stones in the common bile duct
What is the most probable diagnosis if the ultrasound demonstrates an isolated inhomogeneous mass with small hypoechoic areas in an asymptomatic patient?
Hemangioma
Describe typical findings with chronic kidney disease.
- Diffusely echogenic kidneys
- Loss of normal anatomy
- Kidney is small
Describe typical findings with medullary sponge kidneys.
- Asymptomatic
- Right kidney demonstrates hyperechoic calyces
- No stones visualized
What is hydronephrosis and how does it appear?
Hydronephrosis is the dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces due to obstruction of urine flow. On ultrasound, it appears as fluid-filled spaces within the kidney with possible cortical thinning in severe cases.
How do you recognize splenic infarction?
- Wedge-shaped hypoechoic or echogenic areas in the spleen
- Absence of color Doppler flow in the affected area
How do you recognize kidney stones?
- Hyperechoic foci with posterior acoustic shadowing
- Twinkling artifact on Doppler ultrasound
- Possible hydronephrosis if causing obstruction
