Abdominal

Question 1

What organs are in the RHR? (4)

Answer 1

Liver (right lobe)
Gallbladder
Right kidney (upper portion)
Small intestine

Question 2

What organs are in the Epigastric region (5)

Answer 2

Stomach
Liver (left lobe)
Pancreas
Duodenum
Adrenal glands

Question 3

What organs are in the LHR
(5)

Answer 3

Stomach
Spleen
Left kidney (upper portion)
Pancreas (tail)
Colon (splenic flexure)

Question 4

What organs are in the R lumber region?

Answer 4

Ascending colon
Right kidney (lower portion)
Small intestine

Question 5

What organs are in the umbilical region

Answer 5

Ascending colon
Right kidney (lower portion)
Small intestine

Question 6

What organs are in the LLR

Answer 6

Descending colon
Left kidney (lower portion)
Small intestine

Question 7

Whats in the Right iliac region

Answer 7

Cecum
Appendix
Right ovary & fallopian tube (in females)

Question 8

Whats in the hypogastric region

Answer 8

Bladder
Small intestine
Uterus (in females)
Prostate (in males)
Rectum

Question 9

Whats in the Left iliac region

Answer 9

Sigmoid colon
Left ovary & fallopian tube (in females)
Descending colon

Question 10

What should be inspected during an abdominal assessment?

Answer 10

Hands, mouth, eyes, skin (hydration, jaundice, anemia, cyanosis, clubbing, edema, lymphadenopathy).

Question 11

What are the ‘5 Fs’ of general abdominal distension?

Answer 11

Flatus, feces, fetus, fat, fluid (ascites, ovarian cysts, urinary retention).

Question 12

What should be assessed during auscultation in abdominal assessment?

Answer 12

Bowel sounds in 4 quadrants: present, absent, or hyperactive (high-pitched).

Question 13

What are key points in abdominal percussion?

Answer 13

Normal: tympany. Dullness over liver/spleen indicates organomegaly. Percuss in a zigzag pattern (RLQ, RUQ, LUQ, LLQ).

Question 14

What should be checked during abdominal palpation?

Answer 14

Start away from pain, assess clockwise, gentle palpation, deep palpation (3cm) for organomegaly (liver, spleen, kidneys).

Question 15

What are specific palpation signs to consider?

Answer 15

Rebound pain (worse on letting go), guarding, rigidity, Murphy’s sign (pain on inspiration - cholecystitis), Rovsing’s sign (LLQ palpation causing RLQ pain - appendicitis), Psoas sign (backward thigh extension causing RLQ pain - appendicitis).

Question 16

What are the red flags in abdominal assessment?

Answer 16

Severe or persistent pain, GI bleeding, unintentional weight loss, severe vomiting, jaundice, abdominal mass.

Question 17

What does JACCOL Stand for

Answer 17

Jaundice
Anaemia
Cyanosis
Clubbing
Oedema
Lymphadenopathy

Question 18

Where do you auscultate

Answer 18

4 quadrants and aorta

Question 19

What can bowel sounds be

Answer 19

present, absent or hyperactive (High pitched)

Question 20

what does high pitched bowel sounds indicate

Answer 20

Early stage of bowel obstruction

Question 21

What causes high pitched bowel sounds

Answer 21

air and fluid moving through a narrowed section of the intestine, creating a “ tinkling” sound

Question 22

How to test for rebound tenderness

Answer 22

Hold Briefly: Maintain pressure for a few seconds to allow the tissues to adjust.
Release Quickly: Suddenly remove your hand.

Question 23

Rebound tenderness indicates

Answer 23

peritonitits

Question 24

Murphys sign indicates

Answer 24

Cholecystits

Question 25

how is murphys sign performed

Answer 25

ask the patient to take a deep breath while the examiner presses on the right upper quadrant of the abdomen

Question 26

How to perform Rovsings test

Answer 26

Palpate LLQ try to elicit pain on the RLQ

Question 27

How to perform Obturator sign

Answer 27

The patient lies supine (on their back). The examiner flexes the patient’s right hip and knee to 90 degrees. The examiner internally rotates the hip (moves the foot outward while keeping the knee in place).

Question 28

Obrurator sign indicates

Answer 28

Positive for appendicitis