Abdomen Thorax functions

Question 1

what organ is this?

Answer 1

liver

Question 2

main functions of liver

Answer 2

1) makes bile from old erythrocytes (RBCs)—bile is a waste product, and it emulsifies lipids to increase surface area for chemical (enzymatic) digestion;
2) filters & detoxifies blood (e.g., changes ammonia to urea);
3) stores glucose as glycogen & regulates blood glucose levels;
4) makes cholesterol & triglycerides;
5) builds enzymes & clotting factors.

Question 3

functions of stomach

Answer 3

1) stores food;
2) mechanically digests food (mash it up!);
3) denatures proteins with HCl acid & initiates protein chemical digestion with pepsin [breaks peptide bonds!].

Question 4

where is the gallbladder located?

Answer 4

below the liver on the right side of body

Question 6

functions of the gallbladder?

Answer 6

stores and excreted the liver’s bile into the duodenum of the small intestine

Question 7

decreibe location of pancreas

Answer 7

posterior to stomach and medial to the spleen

Question 8

pancreas functions

Answer 8

endocrine fx: produce glucagon and insulin hormones to regulate blood sugar levels

exocrine fx: produce bicarbonate and digestive enzymes for food squirted into duodenum from stomach

Question 9

sleen location

Answer 9

left lateral abdomen, posterior to stomach, lateral to pancreas

Question 10

spleen functions

Answer 10

its leukocytes clean the blood and recycle worn out erythrocytes (RBCs); acts as a barracks for several platoons of leukocytes (WBCs)

Question 11

Adrenal gland location

Answer 11

retroperitoneal

superior to renal artery and kidney

Question 12

adrenal (or surparenal) gland function

Answer 12

endocrine: secretes hormones for stress reactions and metabolic rate

secretes androgens

secretes aldosterone for salt/water balance

Question 13

Kidney location

Answer 13

retroperitoneal

lateral to psoas major, has some rib protection

Right kidney is more inferior (pushed dow by R hepatic lobe

Question 14

kidney functions

Answer 14

1. Primary fx: regulates body’s osmotic (salt/water) balance
2. excretes nitrogenous wastes and other soluble wastes
   (3. contributes to a stable blood pH
3. excretes some poisons, helps detoxify some)

Question 15

ureter location

Answer 15

tube from each kidney to bladder

Question 16

ureter function

Answer 16

transport urine from kidney to bladder

Question 17

bladder location

Answer 17

posterior to pubis of pelvis

Question 18

bladder function

Answer 18

store and excrete urine

Question 19

urethra function

Answer 19

eliminate urine from bladder to outside the body

Question 20

location of renal artery and vein

Answer 20

kidneys

Question 21

location of common iliac artery and vein

Answer 21

split from abdomonal aorta/descending vena cava at coccyx

Question 22

stomach functions

Answer 22

1. stores food
2. mechanically digests food (mashes it up)
3. denatures proteins with HCl acid and initiates protein chemical digestion with pepsin (breaks peptide bonds!)

Question 23

parts of small intestine

Answer 23

duodenum (12 finger widths, first C shaped portion where pancreas nestles), jejunum, and ileum

Question 24

functions of small intestine

Answer 24

completes chemical digestion of food and absorbs it

Question 25

parts of large intestine

Answer 25

cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectal colon

Question 26

functions of large intestine

Answer 26

1. prepares and eliminates solid wastes
2. reabsorbs water and salt

Question 27

location of vermiform appendix

Answer 27

usually found off oc cecum of large intestine

Question 28

function of vermiform appendix

Answer 28

houses lymphoid tissue to combat invaders