Abdomen, Pelvis, Perineum Flashcards
Name the ligaments between the sacrum and ilium
Sacrotuberous = sacrum to ischial tuberosity
Sacrospinous = sacrum to ischial spine
Iliolumbar = ilium to L4/5 vertebrae
Anterior sacroiliac = sacrum to ilium
Surface mark the spleen
On the left side of the body
Between ribs 9 and 11 and between the lateral border of the erector spinae muscles and mid-axillary line.
Surface mark the liver
Upper border: from 5th intercostal space at mid-clavicular line on the left side through the xiphisternum to the 5th rib on the right side of the body at the mid-clavicular line.
Lateral border: from rib 5 at mid-clavicular line on the right side to the costal margin at the mid-axillary line.
Oblique border: From the costal margin at MAL through the right 9th costal cartilage to the 5th intercostal space on the left mid-clavicular line.
Where would you listen for renal bruits and what do they indicate?
Auscultate using the bell on either side of umbilicus. If there is rumbling then that would indicate renal artery stenosis
How would you listen for aortic bruits?
Just above the umbilicus using the bell
Where is the gall bladder (surface marking)
Where the transpyloric plane meets the right mid-clavicular line
Where is the subcostal plane?
Line drawn using the inferior borders of the costal margins. It is at the level of L2/3 or Rib 10.
Where is the transpyloric plane?
At the level of the 9th costal cartilage: this where the costal margin meets the abdominis rectus. It is at vertebral level L1.
Where is the transtubercular/intertubercular plane?
Line drawn from the two tubercles of the iliac crests. At vertebral level L5.
Where is the supracristal plane?
Line drawn from the most superior points of the iliac crests. At L4
What lines divides the abdomen into 9 regions?
Mid-clavicular lines of each side of the body
Subcostal plane
Intertubercular plane
Surface mark the left kidney
Superior pole = rib 11
Hilum = L1 (transpyloric plane), 4-5 cm left from the midline
Kidney is about 5-7 cm wide
Inferior pole = 3-4cm above the iliac crest (1 cm above right kidney), making it roughly 9-12 cm tall
Surface mark the right kidney
Superior pole = Between rib 11 and 12
Hilum = L1/transpyloric plane, 4-5 cm right from the midline
Inferior pole is about 3-4 cm above the iliac crest (about 1cm lower than left kidney)
It is 9-12 cm tall and 5-7 cm wide
Where are the dermatomes T8, T10, and T12?
T8: Approximately at the level of costal cartilage 9 and 10 in the epigastric region
T10: At umbilicus
T12: In the suprapubic region
Where is pain of the appendix initially referred to (e.g. an inflamed appendix)? Where after that?
First at umbilicus then to the right inguinal region
