Abdomen part 2 Flashcards
the duodenum makes up how much of the small intestine?
the first 12 inches
the duodenum is continuous with the ___ at the ___ and with the ____ at the _____ junction.
stomach at the pylorus, and with the jejunum at the duodenojejunal junction.
the duodenum is ____ in regards to peritoneal
retroperitoneal
what aspects of the liver are molded by the diaphragm? what are they called?
the anterior, superior, and lateral surfaces. therefore there are called the diaphragmatic surface.
the posteroinferior or visceral surface of the liver slopes where?
forward and downward to the sharp inferior border.
what anatomically divides the liver into right and left lobes?
the falciform ligament anteriorly
the caudate lobe of the liver is located in between what
the inferior vena cava and the ligamentum verosum
what quadate lobe of the liver is found between what?
the gallbladder and the ligamentum teres haptis/falciform ligament.
what forms the broken H on the liver
the gallbladder portal hepatis ligamentum teres hepatis/falciform ligament, the inferior vena cava and the ligamentum verosum.
inferior surface of the liver contains two additional lobes, both on the anatomical ___ side. what are they
the caudate and quadrate lobes, right side
the entire liver is covered by ____ peritoneum excepts for the ___ ___ and where the _______ lies adjacent to its inferior surface
visceral peritoneum, bare area, gallbladder
if the patient does not have a gallbladder how is the remaining space named
the gallbladder fossa.
what connects the liver to the anterior abdominal wall
the falciform ligament
a form of mesentery
what connects the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach?
the lesser omentum
a form of mesentery
the falciform ligament extends up the anterior surface of the liver and then splits into what
right and left coronary ligaments.
the right and left coronary ligaments terminate into
right and left triangular ligaments.
how is the bare area of the liver formed?
the right triangular ligament encircles a substantial part of the posterior surface of the liver and vena cave, leaving them uncovered by the peritoneum, forming a bare area of the liver.
fundus usually lies ___ to an opening of an organ
opposite.
parts of the gallbladder? where do they lie
neck, body and fundus. the fundus extends part the inferior border of the liver. the body narrows to a neck
the neck of the gallbladder blends into the ____
cystic duct.
what comes together to form the common hepatic duct?
the right and left hepatic ducts
what comes together to form the common bile duct? AKA?
the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct. , biliary duct
the cystic duct exhibits spiral mucosal folds which form what
the spiral valve.
the biliary (common bile duct ) fuse with what where?
fuse with the main pancreatic duct at the hepato-pancreatic ampulla.
the hepatico-pancreatic ampulla opens up to the lumen of the ____ via the ____
lumen of the duodenum via the duodenal papilla
the duodenal papilla has an opening with the hepato-pancreatic ampulla through what
the sphincter of the ampulla. AKA sphincter of Oddi.
what forms the portal triad?
the common bile duct made of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct (rt and lt hepatic duct)
the hepatic a proper
and the portal vein.
three parts of the small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
the duodenum is predominately ____ making it ___ in position
retroperitoneal. fixed
the jejunum and ileum are suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by the ____ making them highly ___
mesentery, mobile
where is the duodenojejunal junction?
occurs as the duodenum emerges from being retroperitoneal.
the junction between the ilium and jejunum is
indistinct
about 3/5 of the 20 foot small intestine (aside from the duodenum is
jejunum the rest is ileum
what is the distinct difference in the mesentery connection between the jejunum and the ileum?
the fat in the mesentery of the jejunum forms windows where it is not directly on the gut tube.
the ileum fat from the mesentery directly approaches the gut tube.
windows formed by jejunum mesentery are called
mesenteric windows.
look alike for the large intestine
3 /12 sided picture frame,
the large intestine begins in the right ___ ___ at the _____ junction and terminates at the ___
iliac fossa, ileocecal junction, and terminates at the anus.
what is included in the large intestine
vermiform appendix, ascending colon, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum, anal canal.
layers of the ileum include
outer longitudinal later, inner circular layer, and a muscosa layer all three closed and connected
layers of the colon
the outer longitudinal layer becomes segmental in 3 parts, inner circular layer and mucosa lining.
3 outer evenly spaced longitudinal bands of the colon are called?
taeniae coli
the taeniae coli are ____ than the length of the colon so therefore gather the colon into ____. the purpose of this is?
shorter and gather colon into haustra. this facilitates water absorption from the feces.
the taeniae fuse into a complete smooth muscle layer over the ___ and on the ___
appendix and the rectum
fat that attaches to the tenia coli are called
epiploic appendages.
what is the hepatic flexure
the curvature from when the ascending colon turns in to the transverse colon, AKA the right colic flexure
what is the splenic flexure, AKA?
where the transverse colon turns into the descending colon. AKA left colic flexure.
the name for the beginning of the colon contains what
cecum, the appendix.
organs that are retroperitoneal
pancreas, right and left kidney with the adrenal glands, ureters, duodenum, inferior vena cava, descending abdominal aorta, sometimes the ascending and descending colon.
what are associated structures with the posterior abdominal wall that are retroperitoneal.
quadratus lumborum, psoas major/minor, iliacus and components of the lumbar plexus are
4 parts of the duodenum
1st part (superior) 2nd part (descending) 3rd part (horizontal) 4th part (ascending)
the 1st part of the duodenum passes posteriorly to the ___ and terminates at the ___ ___
right, duodenal bulb.
what is the duodenal bulb?
useful for radiograms, where gas collects in the duodenum
2nd part of the duodenum passes ____ alongside the ___ ____
inferiorly alongside the vertebral column
3rd part of the duodenum crosses the vertebral column at ___
L3
4th part of the duodenum passes ____ to the ____ ____ at L2
superiorly to the duodenojejunal junction at l2
the duodenum forms a __ shape containing the head and neck of the ___ and lies on the ___ and vessels of the right ___
c shape, pancreas, hilus, right kidney
biliary duct and hepatic portal vein lie ____ to the superior 1st portion of the duodenum
posterior
what vessels pass anterior to the horizontal 3rd part of the duodenum?
superior mesenteric A and V
interior of the duodenum exhibit mucosal folds called
plicae circularis where nutrients are absorbed.
the duodenal papilla is where? at what is secreted here?
secretions from the liver and gallbladder are dumped into the duodenum at the 2nd part
pancreas is located where ?
posterior abdominal wall, approx L2.
the head of the pancreas is nestles in the concavity of the duodenum ___ to the IVC and the right renal vein
anterior
the biliary duct passes through the __ of the pancreas.
head
a small portion of the pancreas head is tucked under the ___________ and is referred to as the
under the superior mesenteric vein, uncincate process
the neck of the pancreas joins the head and lies anterior to the
superior mesenteric vessels and portal vein
the body of the pancreas extends as far left to the___ crossing anteriorly to the
hilus of the left kidney, aorta and left renal v.
the tail of the pancreas leaves the abdominal wall in the _____ ligament to end at the ____ of the ___
leinorenal ligament to end at the hilus of the spleen.
the main pancreatic duct transverses the pancreas and enters in the ___ along with the biliary duct
2nd part of the duodenum
what artery is embedded in the superior aspect of the pancreas
splenic artery.
while the ascending and descending colon are usually held tight to the posterior abdominal wall by the ___. these regions can exhibit varying degrees of ____ up to the sigmoid colon.
retroperitoneal , mesenterization.
aorta branches
celiac trunk, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteris
each branch of the aorta contain autonomic plexus, what type of sympathetic fibers are found here and what do they synapse with
preganglionic sympathetic fibers.
celic prevertebral ganglion, superior and inferior mesenteric prevertebral ganglion
the celiac trunk supports what area and what is its boundaries
foregut, from the last 1/2 inch of the esophagus the stomach to the 1st part of the duodenum.
superior mesenteric a supports the ____ which is from what
the midgut, from the first part of the duodenum to the mid transverse colon.
the inferior mesenteric a supplies the ___ which starts at the _____,
hindgut, midtransverse colon
what line demarcates the separation of the midgut from the hindgut
midtransverse colon
the celiac trunk if the first branch of the abdominal aorta, branching at and is surrounded by what
t12, celiac plexus.
the celiac trunk branches into three major arteries
- splenic a
- left gastric a
- common hepatic artery.
the splenic artery supplies the __ and gives rise to the __, ___, and ___
spleen and gives rise to the short gastric a and left epiploic artery, pancreatic branches
what supplies the greater curvature of the stomach
the short epigastric arteries, left gastroepiploic artery
left gastric artery ascends to the esophagus where it gives of ______ and then descends to the ___ ___ of the stomach to anastomose with the ____.
esophageal branches, descends to the lesser curvature of the stomach to anastamose with the right gastric a.
what arteries supply the lesser curvature of the stomach?
the left and right gastric arteries.
common hepatic arteries first branch and what does it branch into.
gastroduodenal a that descends behind the duodenum to branch into the superior pancreaticoduodenal a and right epigastric artery
2nd major branch of the hepatic common artery
right gastric artery that supplies the lesser curvature with the left gastric artery
the continuation of the common heptic artery becomes the
proper hepatic artery that then divides into a rt and left hepatic branch.
what artery that supplies the gallbladder arises from what
the cystic artery arises from the right hepatic branch.
branches of the hepatic common artery and their subsequent branches
- gastroduodenal artery: superior pancreaticoduodenal a, right gastroepiploic a
- right gastric artery: no branches
- hepatic proper artery. : branches into left and right hepatic a. right heptic artery has a cystic artery branch for the gallbladder.
