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ANA superior/ posterior mediastinum > Abdomen part 2 > Flashcards

Abdomen part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

the duodenum makes up how much of the small intestine?

A

the first 12 inches

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2
Q

the duodenum is continuous with the ___ at the ___ and with the ____ at the _____ junction.

A

stomach at the pylorus, and with the jejunum at the duodenojejunal junction.

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3
Q

the duodenum is ____ in regards to peritoneal

A

retroperitoneal

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4
Q

what aspects of the liver are molded by the diaphragm? what are they called?

A

the anterior, superior, and lateral surfaces. therefore there are called the diaphragmatic surface.

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5
Q

the posteroinferior or visceral surface of the liver slopes where?

A

forward and downward to the sharp inferior border.

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6
Q

what anatomically divides the liver into right and left lobes?

A

the falciform ligament anteriorly

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7
Q

the caudate lobe of the liver is located in between what

A

the inferior vena cava and the ligamentum verosum

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8
Q

what quadate lobe of the liver is found between what?

A

the gallbladder and the ligamentum teres haptis/falciform ligament.

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9
Q

what forms the broken H on the liver

A

the gallbladder portal hepatis ligamentum teres hepatis/falciform ligament, the inferior vena cava and the ligamentum verosum.

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10
Q

inferior surface of the liver contains two additional lobes, both on the anatomical ___ side. what are they

A

the caudate and quadrate lobes, right side

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11
Q

the entire liver is covered by ____ peritoneum excepts for the ___ ___ and where the _______ lies adjacent to its inferior surface

A

visceral peritoneum, bare area, gallbladder

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12
Q

if the patient does not have a gallbladder how is the remaining space named

A

the gallbladder fossa.

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13
Q

what connects the liver to the anterior abdominal wall

A

the falciform ligament

a form of mesentery

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14
Q

what connects the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

the lesser omentum

a form of mesentery

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15
Q

the falciform ligament extends up the anterior surface of the liver and then splits into what

A

right and left coronary ligaments.

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16
Q

the right and left coronary ligaments terminate into

A

right and left triangular ligaments.

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17
Q

how is the bare area of the liver formed?

A

the right triangular ligament encircles a substantial part of the posterior surface of the liver and vena cave, leaving them uncovered by the peritoneum, forming a bare area of the liver.

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18
Q

fundus usually lies ___ to an opening of an organ

A

opposite.

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19
Q

parts of the gallbladder? where do they lie

A

neck, body and fundus. the fundus extends part the inferior border of the liver. the body narrows to a neck

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20
Q

the neck of the gallbladder blends into the ____

A

cystic duct.

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21
Q

what comes together to form the common hepatic duct?

A

the right and left hepatic ducts

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22
Q

what comes together to form the common bile duct? AKA?

A

the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct. , biliary duct

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23
Q

the cystic duct exhibits spiral mucosal folds which form what

A

the spiral valve.

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24
Q

the biliary (common bile duct ) fuse with what where?

A

fuse with the main pancreatic duct at the hepato-pancreatic ampulla.

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25
Q

the hepatico-pancreatic ampulla opens up to the lumen of the ____ via the ____

A

lumen of the duodenum via the duodenal papilla

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26
Q

the duodenal papilla has an opening with the hepato-pancreatic ampulla through what

A

the sphincter of the ampulla. AKA sphincter of Oddi.

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27
Q

what forms the portal triad?

A

the common bile duct made of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct (rt and lt hepatic duct)
the hepatic a proper
and the portal vein.

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28
Q

three parts of the small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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29
Q

the duodenum is predominately ____ making it ___ in position

A

retroperitoneal. fixed

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30
Q

the jejunum and ileum are suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by the ____ making them highly ___

A

mesentery, mobile

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31
Q

where is the duodenojejunal junction?

A

occurs as the duodenum emerges from being retroperitoneal.

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32
Q

the junction between the ilium and jejunum is

A

indistinct

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33
Q

about 3/5 of the 20 foot small intestine (aside from the duodenum is

A

jejunum the rest is ileum

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34
Q

what is the distinct difference in the mesentery connection between the jejunum and the ileum?

A

the fat in the mesentery of the jejunum forms windows where it is not directly on the gut tube.
the ileum fat from the mesentery directly approaches the gut tube.

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35
Q

windows formed by jejunum mesentery are called

A

mesenteric windows.

36
Q

look alike for the large intestine

A

3 /12 sided picture frame,

37
Q

the large intestine begins in the right ___ ___ at the _____ junction and terminates at the ___

A

iliac fossa, ileocecal junction, and terminates at the anus.

38
Q

what is included in the large intestine

A

vermiform appendix, ascending colon, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum, anal canal.

39
Q

layers of the ileum include

A

outer longitudinal later, inner circular layer, and a muscosa layer all three closed and connected

40
Q

layers of the colon

A

the outer longitudinal layer becomes segmental in 3 parts, inner circular layer and mucosa lining.

41
Q

3 outer evenly spaced longitudinal bands of the colon are called?

A

taeniae coli

42
Q

the taeniae coli are ____ than the length of the colon so therefore gather the colon into ____. the purpose of this is?

A

shorter and gather colon into haustra. this facilitates water absorption from the feces.

43
Q

the taeniae fuse into a complete smooth muscle layer over the ___ and on the ___

A

appendix and the rectum

44
Q

fat that attaches to the tenia coli are called

A

epiploic appendages.

45
Q

what is the hepatic flexure

A

the curvature from when the ascending colon turns in to the transverse colon, AKA the right colic flexure

46
Q

what is the splenic flexure, AKA?

A

where the transverse colon turns into the descending colon. AKA left colic flexure.

47
Q

the name for the beginning of the colon contains what

A

cecum, the appendix.

48
Q

organs that are retroperitoneal

A

pancreas, right and left kidney with the adrenal glands, ureters, duodenum, inferior vena cava, descending abdominal aorta, sometimes the ascending and descending colon.

49
Q

what are associated structures with the posterior abdominal wall that are retroperitoneal.

A

quadratus lumborum, psoas major/minor, iliacus and components of the lumbar plexus are

50
Q

4 parts of the duodenum

A 
1st  part (superior)
2nd part (descending)
3rd part (horizontal)
4th part (ascending)
51
Q

the 1st part of the duodenum passes posteriorly to the ___ and terminates at the ___ ___

A

right, duodenal bulb.

52
Q

what is the duodenal bulb?

A

useful for radiograms, where gas collects in the duodenum

53
Q

2nd part of the duodenum passes ____ alongside the ___ ____

A

inferiorly alongside the vertebral column

54
Q

3rd part of the duodenum crosses the vertebral column at ___

A

L3

55
Q

4th part of the duodenum passes ____ to the ____ ____ at L2

A

superiorly to the duodenojejunal junction at l2

56
Q

the duodenum forms a __ shape containing the head and neck of the ___ and lies on the ___ and vessels of the right ___

A

c shape, pancreas, hilus, right kidney

57
Q

biliary duct and hepatic portal vein lie ____ to the superior 1st portion of the duodenum

A

posterior

58
Q

what vessels pass anterior to the horizontal 3rd part of the duodenum?

A

superior mesenteric A and V

59
Q

interior of the duodenum exhibit mucosal folds called

A

plicae circularis where nutrients are absorbed.

60
Q

the duodenal papilla is where? at what is secreted here?

A

secretions from the liver and gallbladder are dumped into the duodenum at the 2nd part

61
Q

pancreas is located where ?

A

posterior abdominal wall, approx L2.

62
Q

the head of the pancreas is nestles in the concavity of the duodenum ___ to the IVC and the right renal vein

A

anterior

63
Q

the biliary duct passes through the __ of the pancreas.

A

head

64
Q

a small portion of the pancreas head is tucked under the ___________ and is referred to as the

A

under the superior mesenteric vein, uncincate process

65
Q

the neck of the pancreas joins the head and lies anterior to the

A

superior mesenteric vessels and portal vein

66
Q

the body of the pancreas extends as far left to the___ crossing anteriorly to the

A

hilus of the left kidney, aorta and left renal v.

67
Q

the tail of the pancreas leaves the abdominal wall in the _____ ligament to end at the ____ of the ___

A

leinorenal ligament to end at the hilus of the spleen.

68
Q

the main pancreatic duct transverses the pancreas and enters in the ___ along with the biliary duct

A

2nd part of the duodenum

69
Q

what artery is embedded in the superior aspect of the pancreas

A

splenic artery.

70
Q

while the ascending and descending colon are usually held tight to the posterior abdominal wall by the ___. these regions can exhibit varying degrees of ____ up to the sigmoid colon.

A

retroperitoneal , mesenterization.

71
Q

aorta branches

A

celiac trunk, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteris

72
Q

each branch of the aorta contain autonomic plexus, what type of sympathetic fibers are found here and what do they synapse with

A

preganglionic sympathetic fibers.

celic prevertebral ganglion, superior and inferior mesenteric prevertebral ganglion

73
Q

the celiac trunk supports what area and what is its boundaries

A

foregut, from the last 1/2 inch of the esophagus the stomach to the 1st part of the duodenum.

74
Q

superior mesenteric a supports the ____ which is from what

A

the midgut, from the first part of the duodenum to the mid transverse colon.

75
Q

the inferior mesenteric a supplies the ___ which starts at the _____,

A

hindgut, midtransverse colon

76
Q

what line demarcates the separation of the midgut from the hindgut

A

midtransverse colon

77
Q

the celiac trunk if the first branch of the abdominal aorta, branching at and is surrounded by what

A

t12, celiac plexus.

78
Q

the celiac trunk branches into three major arteries

A
  1. splenic a
  2. left gastric a
  3. common hepatic artery.
79
Q

the splenic artery supplies the __ and gives rise to the __, ___, and ___

A

spleen and gives rise to the short gastric a and left epiploic artery, pancreatic branches

80
Q

what supplies the greater curvature of the stomach

A

the short epigastric arteries, left gastroepiploic artery

81
Q

left gastric artery ascends to the esophagus where it gives of ______ and then descends to the ___ ___ of the stomach to anastomose with the ____.

A

esophageal branches, descends to the lesser curvature of the stomach to anastamose with the right gastric a.

82
Q

what arteries supply the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

the left and right gastric arteries.

83
Q

common hepatic arteries first branch and what does it branch into.

A

gastroduodenal a that descends behind the duodenum to branch into the superior pancreaticoduodenal a and right epigastric artery

84
Q

2nd major branch of the hepatic common artery

A

right gastric artery that supplies the lesser curvature with the left gastric artery

85
Q

the continuation of the common heptic artery becomes the

A

proper hepatic artery that then divides into a rt and left hepatic branch.

86
Q

what artery that supplies the gallbladder arises from what

A

the cystic artery arises from the right hepatic branch.

87
Q

branches of the hepatic common artery and their subsequent branches

A
  1. gastroduodenal artery: superior pancreaticoduodenal a, right gastroepiploic a
  2. right gastric artery: no branches
  3. hepatic proper artery. : branches into left and right hepatic a. right heptic artery has a cystic artery branch for the gallbladder.

ANA superior/ posterior mediastinum (2 decks)

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