Abdomen Flashcards
Which type of peritoneum lines the internal surface of the abdominopelvic wall?
Parietal peritoneum
What is the peritoneum?
Is a continuous serous membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity and invests the viscera
Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
What are the two types of peritoneum?
Parietal and visceral
What is the visceral peritoneum?
Invests the viscera including the stomach and intestines
Which peritoneal layer is sensitive to pressure, pain, and temperature?
Parietal peritoneum
Foregut pain is associated with which region?
Epigastric region
Midgut pain is associated with which region?
Epigastric region
Hindgut pain is associated with which region?
Pubic pain
What is contained within the peritoneal cavity?
Peritoneal fluid Lymphatic vessels (inferior surface of the diaphragm to absorb peritoneal fluid)
What is the function performed by peritoneal fluid?
Lubricates the peritoneal surfaces, enabling the viscera to move without friction
-Contains leukocytes and antibodies that resist infection
What layer lines the embryonic cavity?
Mesoderm
What type of organ are the kidneys?
Retroperitoneal
Which viscera are completely encapsulated within the peritoneal sac? (intraperitoneal organs)
Spleen and stomach
How are the viscera connected to the abdominal wall?
Mesentery
What is the mesentery?
Organ that attaches the intestine to the posterior abdominal wall
What forms the mesentery?
Double fold of peritoneum
Where does the greater omentum originate from?
Attaches to the greater curvature and proximal part of the duodenum
After descending, the omentum folds back and attaches to the anterior surface of which organ?
The transverse colon
Where does the lesser omentum attach from?
The lesser curvature of the stomach
Which ligament attaches the greater omentum to the transverse colon?
The gastrocolic ligament
Which ligament is associated with connecting the organ to the anterior abdominal wall?
Falciform ligament
Which ligament connects the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach?
The hepatogastric ligament
Which ligament connects the liver to the superior part of the duodenum?
The hepatoduodenal ligament
Which ligament contains the portal triad?
The hepatoduodenal ligament
Which ligaments are part of the lesser omentum?
1) Gastrohepatic ligament
2) Hepatoduodenal ligament
Which ligament connects the stomach to the inferior surface of the diaphgram?
Gastrophrenic
What are the three main ligaments of the stomach?
Gastrophrenic (Diaphragm)
Gastrosplenic (Spleen)
Gastrocolic (tranverse colon)
How is the abdominal cavity divided into supracolic and infracolic compartments?
By the transverse mesocolon
Which organs are located within the supracolic compartment of the peritoneal cavity?
Stomach
Spleen
Liver
Which organs are located within the infracolic compartment of the peritoneal cavity?
Small intestine
Ascending and descending colon
Which structure is formed by the lesser omentum and greater omentum?
Omentum bursa (Lesser sac)
Which ligament traverses along the superior surface of the liver and attaches to the inferior surface of the diaphgram?
Coronary ligament
What is the main function of the oesophagus?
Conduit for substrate transport between the pharynx and stomach
Where does the oesophagus begin?
At the level of the cricoid cartilage
What is the relationship between the positioning of the trachea and oesophagus?
The oesophagus resides posterior to the trachea
At which vertebral layer does the oesophagus penetrate the diaphragm?
At T10
What are the three constrictions of the oesophagus?
1) Thoracic
2) Diaphragmatic
3) Cervical
Which nerve predominantly innervates the oesophagus?
Vagus nerve [X] forming the oesophageal nerve plexus around the inferior oesophagus
Which ligament attaches the oesophagus to the diaphragm?
Phrenico-oesopahgeal ligament
In which abdominal regions is the stomach located?
Epigastric
Umbilical
Left hypochondrium
What are the four parts of the stomach?
Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pyloric part
Which part of the stomach is associated with the oesophagus?
Cardia
Which part of the stomach contains the sphincter to the duodenum?
Pyloric antrum (pyloric sphincter)
In which plane does the stomach lie in the supine position?
Level of the transpyloric plane
What are the three parts of the small intestine?
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
How any parts form the duodenum?
4
Where does the pancreatic and common bile duct adjoin the duodenum?
At the ampulla of Vater.
Which artery supplies the foregut?
Coeliac artery
Which artery supplies the hindgut?
Inferior mesenteric artery
Which artery supplies the midgut?
Superior mesenteric artery
What is the main function of the lesser omentum?
The main function of the lesser omentum is to attach the stomach and duodenum to the liver.
How do the greater and lesser sacs communicate?
Epiploic foramen
What are the four main arteries that supply the stomach?
Left gastric
Right gastric
Right gastro-omental
Left gastro-omental
What are the three main branches of the coeliac trunk?
Left gastric artery
Common hepatic artery
Splenic artery
