abdomen

Question 1

Lobes of the liver

Answer 1

Left, caudate, quadrate, right

Question 2

anatomical division of right and left lobe of liver

Answer 2

Porta hepatis

Question 3

Which lobe does the caudate and quadrate lobe belong to?

Answer 3

Functionally, the caudate and quadrate lobe belong to the left lobe

Question 4

why do the quadrate and caudate lobe belong to the left lobe?

Answer 4

They get their blood supply from the LEFT branches of the hepatic artery and portal vein +
they deliver their bile to the LEFT hepatic duct

Question 5

what are the 4 anatomical SEGMENTS of the liver?

Answer 5

left lateral, left medial, right anterior, right posterior

Question 6

Borders of the caudate lobe

Answer 6

Caudate lobe lies POSTERIORLY between the inferior vena cava (laterally) and the ligamentum venosum (medially)

Question 7

Borders of the quadrate lobe

Answer 7

Quadrate lobe lies ANTERIORLY between the fossa of the gallbladder (laterally) and the groove of the ligamentum teres (medially)

Question 8

What is the caudate process?

Answer 8

Caudate process is the isthmus of liver connecting the caudate lobe to the right lobe

Question 9

Which structures are on the POSTERIOR surface of the liver

Answer 9

o bare area and its bounding ligaments
o part of the right suprarenal impression
o groove for the SVC
o the caudate lobe and the caudate process
o the fissure for the ligamentum venosum
o impression of the oesophagus and upper part of stomach
o tuber omentale of the pancreas

Question 10

What structures lie on the visceral (inferior) surface of the liver?

Answer 10

o Porta hepatis
o Lesser omentum extending into the fissure for the ligamentum venosum
o Impressions for parts of the right kidney and suprarenal gland
o Second part of the duodenum and right colic flexure
o Gall bladder
o Quadrate lobe
o Fissure for the ligamentum teres
o Gastric impression

Question 11

what are the borders of the bare area?

Answer 11

IVC forms the base

upper and lower layers of the coronary ligament form the sides of the bare area triangle

Question 12

what structures are not covered by peritoneum in the bare area

Answer 12

The IVC and right suprarenal gland are not covered by peritoneum.
the lower layer of coronary ligament sweeps down over the right kidney into the hepatorenal pouch

Question 13

What is the blood supply of the liver?

Answer 13

In:

• hepatic artery
• portal vein

Out:
- hepatic veins (x3)

Question 14

what is the anatomical difference between the hepatic artery and portal vein

Answer 14

hepatic artery divides in Y-shape.

portal vein divides into T-shape

Question 15

What is the anatomical difference between the right and left hepatic artery

Answer 15

right branch passes behind the hepatic duct to form anterior and posterior branches.

left branch divides into medial and lateral branches

Question 16

where does the middle hepatic vein drain?

Answer 16

in 60% of people the middle hepatic vein joins the left hepatic vein before draining into the IVC

Question 17

where does collateral blood flow come from in the liver?

Answer 17

collateral blood flow through anastomoses with the phrenic vessels eg on the bare area

Question 18

What are the branches of the coeliac trunk?

Answer 18

common hepatic, left gastric, splenic artery

Question 19

Common hepatic artery anatomical relation

Answer 19

purely retroperitoneal

passes over the pancreas downwards and to the right in the lesser sac

Question 20

when does the common hepatic artery become the hepatic artery

Answer 20

the common hepatic artery changes its name when it curves upward into the space between the two layers of the lesser omentum

Question 21

what are the branches of the common hepatic artery

Answer 21

hepatic artery, right gastric and gastroduodenal arteries

Question 22

Where is the gallbladder located?

Answer 22

on the visceral surface of the right lobe next to the quadrate lobe

Question 23

name the 3 parts of the gallbaldder

Answer 23

Fundus
body
neck

Question 24

anatomical relations of the common hepatic duct

Answer 24

1cm above the duodenum and in front of the right hepatic artery and cystic arter