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NURSING ASSESSMENT 101 > ABDOMEN > Flashcards

ABDOMEN Flashcards

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1
Q

Main Function of the GastroIntestinal System

A

Supply nutrients to body cells

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2
Q

GI system consists of the GI tract and its associated organs and glands:

A

(GI tract) Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestines, rectum, anus
(Associated organs) Liver, Gall bladder, pancreas

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3
Q

Process of Digestion and Elimination:

A

Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Elimination

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4
Q

Food is broken down into small and simple compounds enough to be absorbed into bloodstream by ___ or ____

A

diffusion ; active transport

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5
Q

Effects of Aging on the GI Tract:

A
  1. Teeth may loosen up from the supporting gums and bones
  2. Decreased output of the salivary glands leads to dryness of mucous membranes and increased susceptibility to breakdown, difficulty swallowing and decreased stimulation of the taste buds
  3. Decreased secretion of digestive enzymes and bile– decrease ability to digest and absorb food. (Unpaired absorption of fat and fat soluble vitamins)
  4. Atrophy of gastric mucosa leads to decrease HCl acid production (Decrease iron and B12 absorption; anemia ;Proliferation of bacteria– diarrhea and infection)
  5. Decrease peristalsis in the large intestine, decrease muscular tone of the intestinal wall and decrease abdominal muscle strength, decrease sensation to defecate and increase incidence of constipation.
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6
Q

Regions of the Abdomen:

A

Epigastric, Umbilical, Suprabic or Hypogastric

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7
Q

Area between costal margin

A

Epigastric

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8
Q

Area around the umbilicus

A

Umbilical

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9
Q

Area above the pubic bone

A

Hypogastric/Suprabic

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10
Q

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

A

Liver, Gall bladder, Duodenum, Right Kidney, and Hepatic Flexure Colon

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11
Q

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

A

Stomach, Spleen, Left Lobe of liver, Body of Pancreas, Left Kidney and Adrenal, Splenic Flexure of colon, Part of transverse and descending colon

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12
Q

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

A

Cecum, Appendix (in female: right ovary, & right ureter)

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13
Q

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

A

Part of descending colon, Sigmoid colon, Left ovary and tube, Left ureter, Left Spermatic cord

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14
Q

Midline:

A

Aorta, Uterus, Bladder

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15
Q

“Inspiratory arrest” palpating the liver should be painless but if pain is present; patient can’t complete deep breathing = cholecystitis

A

Murphy’s sign

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16
Q

Technique used for tenderness when abdominal pain reported.

A

Rebound Tenderness- Blumberg’s Sign

17
Q

An alternative method of palpating liver is to stand up at a person’s shoulder and swirve your body to right so that you face the person’s feet

A

Hooking Technique

18
Q

Heard over lung tissue

A

Resonance

19
Q

Heard over most portions of the abdominal cavity

A

Tympany

20
Q

Heard over solid organs (e.g. liver) and muscles

A

Dullness

21
Q

This is a short high pitched and is not loud. The sounds are heard over liver.

A

Dullness

22
Q

Present when there is an extensive pleural effusion or over a solid organ such as liver and heart

A

Flatness

23
Q

An indication of generalized peritonitis. It is an extension of guarding with involvement of all the muscles of the abdominal wall. The patient may also manifest “rebound tenderness” where deep palpation is associated with pain

A

Rigidity

24
Q

Dull pain in RUQ or Epigastric

A

Liver

25
Q

GER burning in midepigastrium or behind lower sternum

A

Esophagus

26
Q

Colecystitis is binary colic sudden pain in RUQ; Rt & Lt scapula

A

Gallbladder

27
Q

Acute boring midepigastrium radiate to back & Lt scapula

A

Pancreas

28
Q

Dull; aching, gnawing, epigastric radiate to back or substernal

A

Stomach

29
Q

Sudden onset of sever colicky flank or lower abdominal pain

A

Kidney

30
Q

Generalized abdominal pain with nausea, vomiting

A

Small intestine

31
Q

Large bowl sharp, burning obstruction, colicky, & cramping

A

Colon

32
Q

Obesity, Air or gas, Ascites, Ovarian cyst, Pregnancy, Feces, Tumor

A

Abnormal Findings: Abnormal Distentions

33
Q

Enlarged liver, Enlarged nodular liver, enlarged gallbladder, enlarged spleen, enlarged kidney, aortic aneurysm

A

Abnormal Findings: On palpation of enlarged organs

34
Q

Accumulation of free fluid in peritoneum; Assessment involve single curve, everted umbilicus, bulging flanks, glistening skin recent wait gain

A

Ascites

35
Q

Localized distention, Auscultation normal bowel sound, Percussion; dull over mass

A

Tumor

36
Q

Soft skin covered mass, protrusion intestine through weakness increased due to increase abdominal pressure; epigastria, incisional & diastasis recti

A

Hernia

37
Q

Abnormal enlargement of liver

A

Hepatomegaly

38
Q

9 regions of the abdomen:

A

Right Epigastric, epigastric region, left epigastric region, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac

NURSING ASSESSMENT 101 (1 decks)

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