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OSPE revision - ABDO > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the trans tubercular plane?

A

L5. Horizontal line joining left and right iliac tubercles.

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2
Q

Where is the subcostal plane?

A

L2/L3. Horizontal line joining right and left costal margins in mid axillary lines.

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3
Q

Where is the transpyloric plane?

A

L1. Tips of the 9th CCs

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4
Q

How to separate the abdomen into 4 regions?

A

Vertical line from xiphisternum to PS. Transumbilical plane.

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5
Q

At what level is the umbilicus?

A

L3/4

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6
Q

At what level is the xiphisternal joint?

A

T8/9

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7
Q

At what level is the tip of the 9th CC?

A

L1

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8
Q

At what level is the supracristal plane?

A

L4

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9
Q

At what level are the iliac tubercles?

A

L5

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10
Q

At what level are ASIS & PSIS/sacral dimples?

A

S2

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11
Q

At what level is the midpoint of the sacroiliac joint?

A

S2

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12
Q

Sternal angle/manubriosternal joint?

A

T4/5

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13
Q

Where is the gall bladder located?

A

Where the transpyloric line meets the right MCL. Tip of the right 9th CC, or where lateral border of rectus abdominis crosses costal margin.

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14
Q

Where is the spleen located?

A

Lt side, 9,10,11 ribs between erector spinae muscles and MAL

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15
Q

How to divide abdomen into 9 regions?

A

Transpyloric plane, Transtubercular plane (L5), MCLs

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16
Q

What structures lie at L1 (transpyloric plane)?

A

Hilum of kidneys, 1st part of duodenum, origin of SMA, splenic vein, neck of pancreas

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17
Q

Upper border of the liver?

A

Midrespiration: Rt 5th rib and CC across sternum to 5th ICS MCL LHS.

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18
Q

Oblique border of the liver?

A

5th ICS LHS through tips of 8/9th CC, to Rt MAL

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19
Q

Right border of liver?

A

Joins upper and oblique border, ascending upwards across Rt margin of thoracic cage.

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20
Q

What are the liver landmarks?

A

3 borders. Upper, oblique (lower) and right.

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21
Q

Inguinal ligament?

A

ASIS to Pubic tubercle

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22
Q

Spleen landmarks?

A

Lt side. Surface mark 10th rib. Palpate from costal margin at MAL for reference. Border = between erector spinae muscle and between MAL.

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23
Q

Describe the kidneys.

A

5cm from lumbar vertebrae. Lt kidney is higher at 11th rib, rt kidney is at 12th rib. Hilum is at transpyloric plane (L1). Covered posteriorly, inferior pole is 3-4cm above iliac crest.

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24
Q

Hepatic and splenic flexures are in front of the lower part of the kidneys?

A

Correct. Anterior to the inferior part of the kidneys.

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25
Q

Hepatic and splenic flexures are in front of the lower part of the kidneys?

A

Correct. Anterior to the inferior part of the kidneys.

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26
Q

Hepatic and splenic flexures are in front of the lower part of the kidneys?

A

Correct. Anterior to the inferior part of the kidneys.

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27
Q

Kidney palpation

A

Lie flat. Use both hands.

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28
Q

McBurneys point?

A

Is the root of appendix. Line from Rt ASIS to Umbilicus. Lateral 1/3rd.

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29
Q

Sacrotuberous ligament?

A

From ischial tuberosity to sacrum

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30
Q

Sacrospinous ligament?

A

Ischial spine to sacrum

31
Q

Iliolumbar ligament?

A

From ileum to L4/5

32
Q

Anterior sacroiliac?

A

Sacrum to ileum

33
Q

Inguinal ligament?

A

Between pubic tubercle and ASIS

34
Q

Deep inguinal ring?

A

Midway between ASIS and pubic tubercle

35
Q

Superficial inguinal ring?

A

At pubic tubercle

36
Q

Mid inguinal point?

A

Point between ASIS and pubic symphysis

37
Q

Walls of the inguinal canal?

A

Roof = arching fibres of TA and IO. Anterior = aponeurosis of EO and IO. Post = transversals fascia. Floor = inguinal ligament

38
Q

How to distinguish a male and female pelvic girdle?

A

Males have a heart shaped pelvic inlet, females round. Males have a smaller infrapubic angle (less than 90). Females have a greater infrapubic angle (over 100. Sacrum of females is triangular and shorter.

39
Q

Things in the RH?

A

Liver, gall bladder, adrenal glands

40
Q

EG?

A

Stomach, pancreas

41
Q

LH

A

Some of stomach, spleen, adrenal

42
Q

RL

A

Kidney, hepatic flexure and ascending colon

43
Q

Um

A

Ileum, abdominal aorta, IVC

44
Q

LL

A

Kidney

45
Q

RI

A

Ovaries, ascending colon, appendix

46
Q

HG

A

Bladder, uterus, prostate, sigmoid colon, rectum

47
Q

LI

A

Ovaries, descending colon

48
Q

Structures at subcostal plane?

A

L2, renal veins. Found at tips of 10th ribs of CC

49
Q

What occurs at the supracristal plane?

A

Bifurcation of the abdominal aorta

50
Q

How to identify supracristal plane?

A

Top of iliac crest = L4

51
Q

How to identify trans tubercular plane?

A

Level of iliac tubercles (L5)

52
Q

What can renal bruits indicate?

A

Renal artery stenosis

53
Q

How to palpate femoral ligament?

A

Abduct thigh, press deep below inguinal ligament.

54
Q

T8 dermatome?

A

approx CC9-10 (3cm above umbilicus)

55
Q

T10 dermatome?

A

At umbilicus

56
Q

T12 dermatome?

A

Bottom of abdomen (suprapubic region)

57
Q

Heart referred pain?

A

Left side of chest, neck, medial left arm and forearm

58
Q

Lungs diaphragm referred pain?

A

Neck

59
Q

Oesophageal pain?

A

Centre of thorax, left upper chest

60
Q

Liver and gall bladder referred pain?

A

Right shoulder and back

61
Q

Stomach referred pain?

A

Central chest (xiphisternum) and between scapulae

62
Q

Pancreas referred pain?

A

Centre of chest at xiphisternum level

63
Q

Kidney referred pain?

A

waist, abdomen down to legs

64
Q

Small intestine referred pain?

A

Umbilical

65
Q

GB referred pain?

A

RH and RL

66
Q

Appendix referred pain?

A

Umbilical then RI, better with pressure

67
Q

Ovary pain?

A

Hypochondriac regions

68
Q

Colon pain?

A

Hypogastric

69
Q

Bladder pain

A

Back of thighs and hypogastric

70
Q

Kidney and ureter surface mark

A
  1. Transpyloric plane - hilum 4/5cm lateral to midline.
  2. Kidney = 9-12cm and 5-7cm wide
  3. Superior poles covered by 12th rib
  4. Inferior poles 3-4cm above iliac crest
  5. Ureters decend vertically, close to TV process of Lv.
71
Q

How to find T12?

A

Midpoint between inferior scapular angle and iliac crest.

72
Q

Pain in the Epigastric region =?

A

Stomach, proximal duodenum, liver, pancreas, gb

73
Q

Pain in umbilical?

A

Splenic flexure / proximal duodenum / appendix

74
Q

Pain in suprapubic region?

A

Descending colon to anal canal

OSPE revision - ABDO (1 decks)

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