Abdomen

Question 1

Chronic diarrhea duration

Answer 1

lasting 4 weeks or more

Question 2

chronic diarrhea is typically noninfectious in origin, as in

Answer 2

Chronhs disease

Ulcerative colitis

Question 3

High-volume, frequent watery stools usually are from the

Answer 3

Small intestine

Question 4

small-volume stools with tenesmus, or diarrhea with mucus, pus, or blood occur in

Answer 4

Rectal inflammatory conditions

Question 5

Diarrhea is common in this medication

Answer 5

penicillins and macrolides,
magnesiumbased antacids,
metformin, and
herbal and alternative medicines

Question 6

constipation should be present for at least 12 weeks of the prior 6 months with at least two of the following conditions

Answer 6

fewer than 3 bowel movements per week;
25% or more defecations with either straining or sensation of incomplete evacuation;
lumpy or hard stools; or manual facilitation

Question 7

occurs in an obstructing “apple-core” lesion of the sigmoid colon

Answer 7

Pencil like stool

Question 8

Blood on the surface or toilet paper may occur with

Answer 8

Hemorrhoids

Question 9

Medication that can attribute to constipation?

Answer 9

Cholinergic agents
Calcium channel blocker
Iron supplements
Opiates

Question 10

No passage of either feces or gas

Answer 10

Obstipation

Question 11

Melena

How many ml?
Color?
Part of the intestine that is affected

Answer 11

100 ml
Black tarry stool
Red or maroon colored

Question 12

Hematochiezia

How many ml?
Color?
Part of the intestine that is affected?

Answer 12

1000ml
Red/ maroon colored
Lower GI

Question 13

More distally, the common bile duct and the pancreatic ducts empty into the duodenum at the

Answer 13

Ampulla of vater

Question 14

Blood on the surface or toilet paper

Answer 14

Hemorrhoids

Question 15

Mechanism of jaundice

Answer 15

Increased production of bilirubin
◗Decreased uptake of bilirubin by the hepatocytes
◗Decreased ability of the liver to conjugate bilirubin
◗Decreased excretion of bilirubin into the bile, resulting in absorption of conjugated bilirubin back into the blood

Question 16

Disease that attributed to increased production of bilirubin

Answer 16

Hemolytic anemia

Question 17

Unconjugated bilirubin diseases

Answer 17

Hemolytic anemia

Gilbert’s syndrome

Question 18

Impaired excretion of conjugated bilirubin is seen in

Answer 18

Viral hepatitis
cir rhosis,
primary biliary cirrhosis,
drug-induced cholestasis

Question 19

may obstruct the common bile duct

Answer 19

Gallstones

Pancreatic carcinoma

Question 20

Extrahepatic jaundice arises from obstruction of the extrahepatic bile ducts, most commonly the

Answer 20

Cystic duct

Common bile duct

Question 21

Intrahepatic

damage to the hepatocytes

Answer 21

Hepatocellular

Question 22

Intrahepatic

from impaired excretion as a result of damaged hepatocytes or intrahepatic bile ducts

Answer 22

Cholestatic

Question 23

not water-soluble, so it is not excreted into urine

Answer 23

Unconjugated bilirubin

Question 24

indicates impaired excretion of bilirubin into the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 24

Dark urine from bilirubin

Question 25

When excretion of bile into the intestine is completely obstructed, the stools become

Answer 25

Gray or light colored stool | Acholic

Question 26

Disease that gave acholic stool

Answer 26

Viral hepatitis

Question 27

Jaundice with pain

Answer 27

distended liver capsule, biliary colic, or pancreatic cancer

Question 28

Jaundice with itching

Answer 28

cholestatic or obstructive jaundice

Question 29

Disorders in the urinary tract may cause pain in either the abdomen or the back

Answer 29

Suprapubic pain

Question 30

Pain of sudden overdistention accompanies

Answer 30

Acute urinary retention

Question 31

In bladder infection, pain in the lower abdomen is typically

Answer 31

Dull and pressure like

Question 32

In sudden overdistention of the bladder, pain is often

Answer 32

Agonizing

Question 33

contrast, chronic bladder distention is usually

Answer 33

Painless

Question 34

difficulty voiding

Answer 34

Dysuria

Question 35

Frequently there is pain on urination, usually felt as a burning sensation. Some clinicians refer to this as

Answer 35

Dysuria

Question 36

felt in the perineum and occasionally in the rectum

Answer 36

Prostatic pain

Question 37

urgency is an unusually intense and immediate desire to void, sometimes leading to involuntary voiding or

Answer 37

Urge incontinence

Question 38

Men with partial obstruction to urinary outflow often report

Answer 38

hesitancy in starting the urine stream, straining to void, reduced caliber and force of the urinary stream, or dribbling as voiding is completed

Question 39

Painful urination

Answer 39

cystitis or urethritis, | and urinary tract infections

Question 40

In women, internal burning occurs in

Answer 40

Urethritis | External burning in vulvovaginitis

Question 41

Diseases with manifest dysuria

Answer 41

consider bladder stones, foreign bodies, tumors; also acute prostatitis

Question 42

In men, painful urination without frequency or urgency suggests

Answer 42

Urethritis

Question 43

Urgency suggests

Answer 43

Bladder infection

Question 44

Polyuria refers to a significant increase in 24-hour urine volume, roughly defined as exceeding

Answer 44

3liters

Question 45

Frequency without polyuria during the day or night suggests

Answer 45

Bladder disorder | impairment to flow at or below the bladder neck

Question 46

Suggest polyuria

Answer 46

Abnormally high renal production of urine

Question 47

when increased abdominal pressure causes bladder pressure to exceed urethral resistance due to poor urethral sphincter tone or poor support of bladder neck

Answer 47

Stress incontinence

Question 48

when urgency is followed by immediate involuntary leakage due to uncontrolled detrusor contractions that overcome urethral resistance

Answer 48

Urge incontinence

Question 49

when neurologic disorder or anatomic obstruction from pelvic organs or the prostate limits bladder emptying until the bladder is overdistended.23

Answer 49

Over flow incontinence

Question 50

may arise from impaired cognition, musculoskeletal problems, or immobility

Answer 50

Functional incontinence

Question 51

Blood in the urine, or hematuria, is a major cause for concern. When visible to the naked eye, it is called

Answer 51

Gross Hematuria

Question 52

Blood may be detected only during microscopic urinalysis, known as microscopic hematuria; smaller amounts of blood may tinge the urine with

Answer 52

Pinkish or brownish cast

Question 53

Disorders of the urinary tract may also cause kidney pain, often reported as

Answer 53

Flank pain

Question 54

Location of flank pain

Answer 54

below the posterior costal margin near the costovertebral angle

Question 55

usually produced by distention of the renal capsule and typically dull, aching, and steady

Answer 55

Kidney pain is visceral pain

Question 56

usually severe and colicky, originating at the costovertebral angle and radiating around the trunk into the lower quadrant of the abdomen, or possibly into the upper thigh and testicle or labium

Answer 56

Ureteral pain

Question 57

Ureteral pain results from sudden distention of the ureter and associated distention of the

Answer 57

Renal pelvis

Question 58

Kidney pain, fever, and chills occur in

Answer 58

Acute pyelonephritis

Question 59

caused by sudden obstruction of a ureter, for example, from renal or urinary stones or blood clots

Answer 59

Renal or ureteral colic

Question 60

Duration of acute diarrhea

Answer 60

lasts up to 2 weeks