Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PD Block 2 > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What is the alimentary system

A

GI tract (27ft long) Includes mouth, esophagus, stomach, SI, LI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Function of the alimentary system

A
  1. Ingest/digest food
  2. Absorb nutrients, electrolytes, and h20
  3. Excrete waste products
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How are food and products moved through the alimentary system

A

Via peristalsis/ANS control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the stomach secrete

A

HCL acids, breaks down food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How long is the SI

A

21ft long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Function of SI

A

Breakdown food with pancreatic enzymes and bile. Absorbs nutrients. Villi increases surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3 parts of the SI

A
  1. Duodenum
  2. Jejunum
  3. Ileum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What 2 ducts enter at the duodenum

A
  1. common bile duct

2. pancreatic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How long is the LI

A

4.5-5ft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Function of LI

A
  1. Absorb water

2. Transport waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the hepatobiliary tract

A

System of organs that works together to form bile and aid in digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many lobes does the liver have

A

4, each containing lobules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the liver lobule made of

A

Liver cells that radiate around a central vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Path of bile secretion

A

Liver cells - bile ducts - hepatic duct - joins cystic duct (GB) - forms the common bile duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which liver veins dump back into the IVC

A

hepatic veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What vein receives blood from the intestine and spleen

A

The portal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is the GB located

A

Inferior surface of the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Function of the liver

A
  1. Metabolizes carbs, fats, proteins
  2. Glucose is converted and stored as glycogen
  3. Amino acid conversion to glucose (glucogenesis)
  4. Converts cholesterol to bile salts
  5. Stores vitamins
  6. Detoxifies
  7. Protein production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what 2 ducts for the common bile duct

A

cystic and hepatic ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the GB do

A

stores and releases bile salts to aid in digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is the pancreas

A

Behind and under the stomach, head rests in curve of duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What kind of gland is the pancreas

A

exocrine(enzymes for digestion) and endocrine(insulin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the cells in the pancreas

A

acinar cells and islet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do acinar cells do

A

Produce enzymes for digestion of fat, protein and carbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is another name for pancreatic duct

A

duct of wirsung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are they islet cells responsible for

A

Insulin and glucagon (insulin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where is the spleen

A

LUQ, above L kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the spleen made up

A

white pulp, very fragile (lymphoid tissue) and red pulp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What does the white pulp do

A

Filters blood and makes lymphocytes/monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What does the red pulp do

A

Stores and releases blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Why do you auscultate 2nd in abdominal exam?

A

Because percussion and palpation may alter the frequency and intensity of the bowel sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the types of venous patterns

A
  1. normal
  2. portal hypertension
  3. IVC obstruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Which way should venous return be above the umbilicus

A

Toward the head

34
Q

Which way should venous return patterns be below the umbilicus

A

toward the feet

35
Q

What do you look for on INSPECTION of the abdomen

A
  1. symmetry
  2. shape/contour
  3. color
  4. deformities (hernia, masses)
  5. Movement (aortic pulsation, peristalsis)
  6. Skin - striae, moles
  7. inverted/everted umbilicus
36
Q

What are purple striae indicative of

A

cushing syndrome

37
Q

What does a blue umbilicus suggest

A

intraperitoneal hemorrhage - cullen sign

38
Q

Borborygmi

A

Loud prolonged gurgles

39
Q

Frequency of bowel sounds

A

5-35/min

40
Q

If no bowel sounds are heard, how long should you auscultate for

A

5 mins

41
Q

What other things do you auscultate for in the abdomen

A
  1. Friction rubs over liver or spleen
  2. bruits
  3. venous hum - bell of stethoscope over epigastric region
42
Q

What does a venous hum indicate

A

increased collateral venous circulation between the portal and systemic venous system

43
Q

2 sounds generally heard during percussion

A

tympany and dullness

44
Q

What sound is not good in auscultation

A

high pitched tinkling - indicates air or fluid under pressure (obstruction)

45
Q

What does decreased (or absent) bowel sounds during auscultation mean

A

peritonitis and paralytic ileus

46
Q

How do you percuss the kidneys

A

Pt sitting upright and blunt percussion

47
Q

What are the measurements of the liver

A

4-8 cm midsternal line

6-12cm midclavicular line

48
Q

What does tenderness at the CVA indicate

A

kidney stone, kidney infection, etc

49
Q

2 types of palpation

A

light - in all 4 quadrants

deep - delineates abd organs

50
Q

when would you be able to palpate the right kidney

A

during expiration

almost impossible to feel the left

51
Q

What sound would you hear over ascites

A

dullness

52
Q

shifting dullness

A

test done to assess for ascites. Identify areas of tympany and dullness first, then have patient lie on side. test for dullness and tympany. Dullness will go towards the bottom

53
Q

Fluid wave

A

another ascites test. place one hand on pt side, strike the other side and feel for wave of fluid

54
Q

Possible causes of pain in RUQ

A
  1. hepatitis
  2. cholecystitis
  3. duodenal ulcer
55
Q

Possible causes of pain in RLQ

A
  1. appendicitis
  2. salpingitis/ovarian cyst
  3. ureteral stone
  4. hernia
56
Q

Possible causes of pain in periumbilical

A
  1. intestinal obstruction
  2. acute pancreatitis
  3. AAA
57
Q

Possible causes of pain in LUQ

A
  1. ruptured spleen
  2. gastric ulcer
  3. perforated colon
58
Q

Possible causes of pain in LLQ

A
  1. sigmoid diverticulitus
  2. salpingitis/ovarian cyst
  3. ureteral stone
  4. ulcerative colitis
59
Q

Pain in rt shoulder could indicate

A

cholecystitis

60
Q

pain radiating from abdomen to back

A

acute pancreatitis

61
Q

pain in lower abd and pain when sitting

A

prostatitis

62
Q

What does a cullen sign test for

A

hemorrhage in abd, pancreatitis. Blue belly button

63
Q

Ballottement test

A

Quick palpation movement, to push fluid out of way to feel for organ. Tests for ascites

64
Q

Grey turner sign

A

blue discoloration on flank, indicative of peritoneal bleeding

65
Q

murphy sign

A

Pt will stop breathing on inspiration during palpation. indicates cholecystitis

66
Q

Rovsing sign

A

RLQ pain intensified when pushing on theLLQ. Indicates appendicitis or peritoneal inflammation

67
Q

Psoas sign

A

Pain in RLQ when leg is lifted. Peritonitis or appendicitis

68
Q

McBurney sign

A

Rebound tenderness and pain at mcburney site. appendicitis

69
Q

Obturator sign

A

Pain in hypogastric region, could be irritation of obturator muscle or ruptured appendix or pelvic abscess

70
Q

Blumberg sign

A

rebound tenderness, peritonitis or appendicitis

71
Q

Heel jar test

A

abd pain when heel strikes the floor. appendicitis, peritonitis

72
Q

hematochezia

A

bloody stool, Lower GI bleeding

73
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting blood

74
Q

melena

A

black tarry stool, upper GI bleeding

75
Q

Globus

A

Sensation of having a lump in throat

76
Q

singultus

A

hiccups, usually transient spasm of diaphragm

77
Q

gastroparesis

A

delayed gastric emptying, disorder of motility of stomach.

78
Q

Eructation

A

Belching, oral evacuation of air/gas from abd

79
Q

Tenesmus

A

rectal urgency

80
Q

Icterus

A

Jaundice

81
Q

Pruritis

A

Itchiness (associated with gallbladder)

PD Block 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions