ABDOMEN

Question 1

Name the 5 tissues structures used to determine effective technique of the abdomen

Answer 1

Lower liver border
Psoas Muscles
Kidneys
Ribs
Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

Question 2

A prime requisite in abdominal examinations is to prevent?

Answer 2

Voluntary and involuntary movement

Question 3

What 3 steps should u perform to prevent movement?

Answer 3

Adjust the patient in a comfortable position.
Explain the breathing procedures.
Take the exposure 1-2 seconds after respiration is suspended

Question 4

_______ motion produces a blurred outline structures that do not have ______ movement

Answer 4

Voluntary, involuntary

For example:Patient breathing during the exposure, results in blurring bowel gas outlines in the upper abdomen

Question 5

______ causes involuntary motion . May produce localized or generalized haziness of the image

Answer 5

peristalsis

Question 6

Whats the collimation for AP supine abdomin

Answer 6

14x17

Question 7

Whats the SID for abdomen

Answer 7

40 inches

Question 8

What are the positions we are projecting

Answer 8

AP Supine (KUB)
AP Upright

Question 9

For AP, supine & AP, upright if the patient cannot stand what projection can be substituted?

Answer 9

Left Lateral Decubitus

Question 10

AP Abdomen, Supine
Part position
-Center the ____ of the body to the midline of the grid device.
-Support knees to reduce strain
-Ensure ______________ included
- For tall patients, obtain a second image for bladder.
-IR centered to _______.

Answer 10

-MSP
-pubic symphysis
-iliac crest

Question 11

Where does the CR enter for AP abdomen, supine

Answer 11

MSP at level of iliac crests (1stview)
MSP and light field should be 2 inches below greater trochanter (2nd view)

Question 12

AP Abdomen, supine (and upright)
Structures Shown:
-The size and shape of the ________
- The _______
-The__________
-_____________ or evidence of __________.

Answer 12

Liver
Spleen
Kidneys
Intra-abdominal calcifications, tumor masses

Question 13

For what Projection do you see
- the size and shape of the liver
-the spleen
-the kidneys
-Intra-abdominal calcifications or evidence of tumor masses

Answer 13

AP abdomen, supine
AP abdomen, upright

Question 14

AP abdomen, supine (and Upright)
Evaluation Criteria
- the ___________ to the upper abdomen.

Answer 14

-Pubic symphysis

Question 15

For what projections do you see
the following Evaluation Criteria:
- The pubic symphysis to the upper abdomen.
-Centered vertebral column
-ribs, pelvis, and hips equidistant to the edge of the image or collimated borders on both sides.

Answer 15

AP abdomen supine
AP abdomen upright

Question 16

For what projection do you see the following Evaluation Criteria:
NO ROTATION OF PATIENT
-Spinous processes in the center of the lumbar vertebrae.
-Ischial spines of the pelvis symmetric, if visible.
-Alae or wings of the ilia symmetric

Answer 16

AP abdomen, supine
AP abdomen, upright

Question 17

For what projection do you see following Evaluation Criteria:
ADEQUATE EXPOSURE FACTORS:
-Lateral abdominal wall and properitoneal fat layer
-Psoas muscles, lower border of the liver, and kidneys
-Inferior ribs
-Transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae

Answer 17

AP Abdomen Supine
AP abdomen , upright

Question 18

For AP abdomen, Supine (and Upright) following Evaluation Criteria:
ADEQUATE EXPOSURE FACTORS SHOW:
-Lateral ______wall and ________fat layer
-_______muscles, lower border of the _____, and ______
-Inferior _____
-_______ of the ______ _____

Answer 18

abdominal , properitoneal
psoas, liver, kidneys
ribs
transverse processes -lumbar vertebrae

Question 19

AP Abdomen, Upright :
Part Position Shows
-________ centered to grid.
-weight equally distributed on both feet.
-Arms out of radiation field.
-high enough to include _____________

Answer 19

MSP
diaphragm

Question 20

Where is the IR centered for AP abdomen, upright

Answer 20

2 inches above the iliac crests

Question 21

Where does the CR enter for AP abdomen, upright

Answer 21

on MSP at a level 2 inches above iliac crests

Question 22

What 4 structures are shown AP abdomen, upright & AP abdomen, supine

Answer 22

-the size and shape of the liver
-the spleen
-the kidneys
-intra-abdominal calcifications or evidence of tumor masses

Question 23

___________- a double-walled membranous sac that encloses the cavity

Answer 23

peritoneum

Question 24

Name the layers of the peritoneum

Answer 24

visceral peritoneum-inner layer
parietal peritoneum- outer layer

Question 25

name the two peritoneal folds

Answer 25

mesentery and omenta

Question 26

__________ -support the viscera (internal organs) in position

Answer 26

peritoneal folds

Question 27

__________- space between the two layers of the peritoneum

Answer 27

Peritoneal cavity

Question 28

name the cavity in the abdomen that contains serous fluid

Answer 28

peritoneal cavity

Question 29

-__________ space behind peritoneum

Answer 29

retroperitoneum

Question 30

In what space do the kidneys and pancreas lie?

Answer 30

retroperitoneum

Question 31

High kVp will (over/ under) penetrate some structures

Answer 31

over

Question 32

True or False
“it is imperative to obtain maximal soft tissue differentiation throughout the different regions of the abdomen?”

Answer 32

true

Question 33

Abdominal contents demonstrates, presence of __________ and ____________ levels.

Answer 33

free air
air-fluid

Question 34

AP abdomen supine & upright
Proper Patient Alignment should show :
-Centered ___________
-_____ , ____ and ______ equidistant to the edge of the image or collimated borders on both sides.

Answer 34

• vertebral column
  -ribs, pelvis, hips

Question 35

AP abdomen supine & upright
Evaluation criteria
No rotation of patient should show:
-________ in the center of the lumbar vertebrae.
-_________ of the pelvis symmetric, if visible.
-Alae or wings of the __________ symmetric.

Answer 35

-Spinous processes
-Ischial Spines
-ilia

Question 36

AP abdominal Supine is also known as KUB. What does KUB stand for

Answer 36

kidney
ureter
bladder