Abdomen Flashcards
Diagnosis - image at cecum
gastrointestinal stromal cell tumor - eccentric muscularis arising mass at cecum
due to being cecum it is less likely leiomyoma
Ultrasonographic features of GIST’s
hypoechoic and mixed echogenicity +/- cystic
eccentric
arise from muscularis layer
cecum or colon most commonly
more significantly associated with abdominal effusion
better prognosis than leiomyoma
metastasis to liver most common
What does this diagram represent?
azygos continuation of the caudal vena cava
how does the caudal vena cava develop?
vitelline veins - right caudal and left caudal cardinal vein that anastamose with the subcardinal and supracardinal veins –> right and left subcardinal veins anastamose and other vitelline veins disappear –> azygos vein = right caudal cardinal vein, subcardinal anastamosis, left supracardinal vein –> left caudal carcinal vein degenerates –> caudal vena cava = right subcardianl vein to vitelline vein cranial to renal veins –> left renal, adrenal, gonadal veins = left subcardinal vein and subcardinal anastomosis
How does azygos continuation of caudal vena cava occur?
failure of anastomosis of right caudal cardinal system and right vitelline vein
What is more likely with peritoneal effusion and multiple hypoechoic round nodules
carcinomatosis more likely to have peritoneal effusion
100% is carcinomatosis
28% in sarcomatosis
Most common tumor with carcinomatosis in cats?
Weston 2020
pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Most common imaging findings with carcinomatosis or sarcomatosis lesions?
hypoechoic and contrast enhancing
sarcomatosis isoechoic to spleen in some cases
What are the best uses for saline, agitated saline, and contrast with sono-urethrography in male dogs
saline and agitated saline good for assessment of ureteral walls especially membranous portion
contrast good for overall evaluation and identification of urethra and possible parts of rupture or compromise
Osteosarcoma percentage micro-metastasis
85-90%
lung and other bones most common
varying detection rate
What is the most correct in relation to PET/CT evaluation with primary osteosarcoma?
A) PET/CT identifies metastasis more common than other modalities
B) PET/CT recognizes metastasis to bones, lungs, distant lymph nodes, and other organs
C) PET/CT does not adequately identify metastasis
D) None of the above
A is most correct because not many of these metasasize to other organs or distant lymph nodes
Explain esophageal or paraesophageal varices
portal hypertension results in reversal of flow through left gastric vein to venous plexus of esophagus
OR
cranial vena cava obstruction with draining into azygos, CVC, or portal system
Abdominal varices drain where?
caudal vena cava
usually due to portal hypertension or obstruction
What is the most common cause of acquired portal collateral circulation?
portal hypertension
Esophageal varices in dogs are of concern similar to humans as hemorrhage can occur? T or F
False, tend not to be as much of concern in dogs
also, downhill varices are uncommon in dog
What does arrow point to?
splenogonadal shunt from splenic vein to left ovarian vein and draining to CVC via left renal vein
Varices diagram! No question just look at it :)
Diagnosis?
fat in submucosal layer of stomach - normal in approximately 35% of cats
Diagnosis?
duodenal diverticulum
Diagnosis?
diverticulum - duodenal
Young puppy with diarrhea and vomiting. Diagnosis?
parvovirus
functional ileus and decreased mucosal layer thickness
Diagnosis in a sick koi fish?
swim bladder disease - decreased gas opacity and increased fluid within
What is this showing?
sentinal clot sign - hyperattenuating adjacent to splenic mass
What does the thin hyperechoic band in the small intestinal mucosa likely correlate with?
intestinal mucosal fibrosis
Penninck 2010
Diagnosis?
grass awn in the urinary bladder
