Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Jess Finals PACES > Abdo > Flashcards

Abdo Flashcards

1
Q

Significant negatives in CLD

A

Evidence of decompensation
Evidence of SBP
Evidence of cause e.g. pigmentation, Kayser-Fleischer rings, tattoos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis diagnostic criteria

A

PMN >250mm^3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hep C treatment

A

Interferon alpha + ribavirin (nucleoside inhibitor)

+/- sofosbuvir (inhibitor of viral RNA synthesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Treatment for PBC

A

Ursodeoxycholic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Treatment for Wilson’s disease

A

Penicillamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Treatment for Hereditary Haemochromatosis

A

Venesection and desferrioxamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Treatment for hepatorenal syndrome

A

IV albumin + terlipressin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Treatment for hepatic encephalopathy

A

lactulose + rifamixin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Treatment for ascites

A

Fluid and salt restrict, spiro, frusemide, tap, daily weights, TIPSS, transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Causes of chronic liver disease

A

Alcohol
Viral
NASH
Other: HH, AIH, drugs e.g. methotrexate/amiodarone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Complications of chronic liver disease

A

Decompensation / liver failure
SBP
Portal hypertension
HCC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Features of portal hypertension

A

Splenomegaly
Ascites
Veins: caput medusae, oesophageal varices, haemorrhoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Features of decompensation

A

Jaundice, coagulopathy, ascites and hepatic encephalopthy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Treatment of SBP

A

Tazocin or cefotaxime and await sensitivities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Child-Pugh Grading of Cirrhosis

A 
Albumin
Bilirubin
Clotting
Distension (ascites)
Encephalopathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Causes of portal hypertension (portal pressure >10mmHg)

A

Pre-hepatic: portal vein thrombosis (e.g. in PV)
Hepatic: cirrhosis
Post-hepatic: HF, tricuspid regurg, constrictive pericarditis, Budd-Chiari

17
Q

Causes of ascites

A 
High SAAG (>1.1g/dL) = portal hypertension e.g. cirrhosis, HF, Budd-Chiari
Low SAAG (>1.1g/dL) = TB, pancreatitis, infection, serositis, malignancy, nephrotic syndrome
18
Q

Significant negatives in ascites

A

Raised JVP (not HF cause)
Periorbital oedema (not nephrotic cause)
Other evidence of decompensation (jaundice, coagulopathy, encephalopathy)
Signs of CLD e.g. clubbing, koilonychia, gynaecomastia, spider naevi

19
Q

Jaundice + splenomegaly

A

Haemolysis
CLD –> portal HTN
Viral hepatitis e.g. EBV

20
Q

Jaundice + hepatomegaly

A

Hepatitis

CLD

21
Q

Jaundice without organomegaly or CLD

A

Biliary obstruction
Haemolysis
Drugs e.g. OCP, fluclox
Gilbert’s

22
Q

Stigmata of immunsuppression

A

Cushingoid
Skin tumours e.g. AK, SCC, BCC
Gingival hypertrophy (ciclosporin)
Tremor (calcineurin inhibitors e.g. ciclosporin & tacrolimus)

23
Q

Causes of hepatomegaly

A

Infective e.g. viral hepatitis, EBV, CMV, malaria
Congestive e.g. RHF, CCF, constrictive pericarditis, Budd-Chiari
Autoimmune
Biliary disease e.g. extrahepatic obstruction, PBC, PSC
Tumours e.g. mets, HCC, lymphoma
Haem e.g. thalassaemia, SCD
Metabolic e.g. haemochromatosis, Wilson’s
Toxins e.g. statins

24
Q

Causes of splenomegaly

A 
Myeloproliferative e.g. CML, MF
Lymphoproliferative e.g. CLL, lymphoma
Infective e.g. malaria, EBV, IE
Haem e.g. SCD, spherocytosis
Portal HTN (cirrhosis)
Inflammation e.g. RA, SLE
Infiltrative e.g. sarcoid and amyloid
25
Q

Felty’s syndrome

A

Rheumatoid arthritis
Splenomegaly
Neutropenia

26
Q

Function of spleen

A 
Phagocytosis of old RBCs and WBCs
Phagocytosis of opsonised bugs
Antibody production
Sequestration of formed blood elements
Haematopoiesis
27
Q

Indications for splenectomy

A 
Trauma
Rupture e.g. EBV
AIHA
ITP
Hereditary spherocytosis
Hypersplenism e.g. sequestration due to SCD or thalassaemia
28
Q

Significant negatives in renal enlargement exam

A

Renal impairment e.g. pallor, HTN
Renal replacement therapy e.g. fistula, tunneled dialysis line or Tenchkoff catheter
Immunsuppression e.g. Cushingoid, skin tumours, gingival hypertrophy, tremor
Hydrocele secondary to RCC
Mitral valve prolapse or hepatomegaly secondary to PCKD

29
Q

Causes of enlarged kidneys

A

Bilateral: PCKD, bilateral RCC, bialteral cysts e.g. VHL, amyloidosis, tuberous sclerosis
Unilateral: simple renal cyst, RCC

30
Q

Functions of the kidney

A

Elimination of waste
Regulation of volume and composition of body fluid
Endocrine - EPO, renin and vit D
Autocrine function e.g. endothelin, prostaglandins, renal natriuretic peptide

31
Q

Indications for renal transplant to look for on examination

A

DM - finger pricks, insulin marks on abdomen, lipodystrophy
PCKD - ballotable kidneys or nephrectomy scars
Connective tissue disease e.g. SLE, SS, RA

32
Q

Commonest indications for renal transplant

A

Diabetic nephro pathy
Glomerulonephritis (idiopathic, immune e.g. SLE, infection e.g. Strep, drugs e.g. penicillamine, infiltrative e.g. amyloid)
PCKD
HTN

33
Q

Immunosuppressive regimen for renal transplant

A

Pre-op: alemtuzumab (anti-CD52)

Post-op: short term pred, long term tacrolimus or ciclosporin

34
Q

Complications of renal transplant

A

Post-op: bleeding, graft thrombosis, infection, urinary leaks
Rejection: hyperacute/acute/chronic
Drug toxicity: ciclosporin (nephrotoxic, gingival hypertrophy, hepatic dysfunction), tacrolimus (less nephrotoxic, diabetogenic, caridomyopathy, neurotoxicity), steroids, immunosuppresion SEs e.g. infection and malignancy
Cardiovascular disease

35
Q

Complications of chronic renal failure

A 
Cardiovascular disease
Renal osteodystrophy
Oedema
HTN
Electrolyte disturbances: hyperkalaemia, acidosis
Anaemia
Restless legs
Sensory neuropathy
36
Q

Stages of chronic renal failure

A 
Stage 1 eGR >90
Stage 2 eGFR 60-89
Stage 3a eGFR 45-59
Stage 3b eFGR 30-44
Stage 4 eGFR 16-29
Stage 5 eGFR <15

Jess Finals PACES (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions